This section contains information on the toxicity and impacts of rotenone on fish and wildlife.<\/p>\n
Anderson, R.\u00a0 1970.\u00a0 Effects of rotenone on the zooplankton communities and a study of their recovery patterns in two mountain lakes in Alberta.\u00a0 Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27:1335-1356.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Anderson 1970<\/a><\/p>\n Billman, H., S. St-Hilaire, C. Kruse, T. Peterson and C.Peterson.\u00a0 2011.\u00a0\u00a0Toxicity of the piscicide rotenone to Columbia spotted frog and boreal toad tadpoles.\u00a0 Transactions of the American Fisheries\u00a0Society 140:919-927.\u00a0 Read the entire article here:\u00a0Billman et al. 2011<\/a><\/p>\n Billman, H., C. Kruse, S. St-Hilaire, T. Koel, J. Arnold and C.\u00a0Peterson.\u00a0 2012.\u00a0 Effects of rotenone on Columbia spotted frogs Rana luteiventris<\/em> during field applications in lentic habitats of Southwestern Montana.\u00a0 North American Journal of Fisheries Management 32:781-789.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Billman et al. 2012<\/a><\/p>\n Bills, T., and L. Marking. 1987.\u00a0 Rotenone \u2013 freshwater LC50 <\/sub>\u2013 rainbow trout and bluegills. Final Report January 23, 1987 by USFWS, National Fish Research Center, La Crosse, WI.\u00a0 Read the entire report here:\u00a0Bills and Marking (1986)<\/a><\/p>\n Bills, T.D., J.J. Rach, and L.L. Marking.\u00a0 1986.\u00a0 Toxicity of rotenone to developing rainbow trout.\u00a0 Investigations in Fish Control 93.\u00a0 USFWS, Washington, D.C.\u00a0 \u00a0Read entire report here:\u00a0Rach et al. (1988)<\/a><\/p>\n Chandler, J., and L. Marking.\u00a0 1982.\u00a0 Toxicity of rotenone to selected aquatic invertebrates and frog larvae.\u00a0 Progressive Fish Culturist 44:878-80.\u00a0 \u00a0to read the entire paper here:\u00a0Chandler and Marking (1982)<\/a><\/p>\n Chapman, D., J. Fairchild, B. Carollo,\u00a0 J. Deters, K. Feltz, and C. Witte.\u00a0 2003.\u00a0 An examination of the sensitivity of bighead carp and silver carp to antimycin a and rotenone.\u00a0 USGS, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO.\u00a0 Read the entire report here:\u00a0Chapman et al. 2003<\/a><\/p>\n Cook., S., and R. Moore.\u00a0 1969.\u00a0 The effects of a rotenone treatment on the insect fauna of a California stream.\u00a0 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 98:539-544.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Cook and Moore 1969<\/a><\/p>\n Engstrom-Heg, R.\u00a0 Kinetics of rotenone-potassium permanganate reactions as applied to the protection of the trout.\u00a0 New York Fish and Game Journal 19:47-58.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Engstrom-Heg 1972<\/a><\/p>\n Engstrom-Heg, R., R. Colesante, and E. Silco.\u00a0 1978.\u00a0 Rotenone tolerances of stream-bottom insects.\u00a0 New York Fish and Game Journal 25:31-41.\u00a0 Read entire article here: Engstrom-Heg et al. 1978<\/a><\/p>\n Finlayson, B., Somer, W., and M. Vinson.\u00a0 2009.\u00a0 Rotenone toxicity to rainbow trout and several mountain stream insects.\u00a0 Journal North American Fisheries Management 30:102-111.\u00a0 Read entire paper here:\u00a0Finlayson et al. 2009<\/a><\/p>\n Fracher, D., and H. Chambers.\u00a0 1972.\u00a0 Rotenone tolerance in mosquitofish.\u00a0 Environmental Pollution 3:139-141.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Fabacher and Chambers 1972<\/a><\/p>\n Gilderhus, P.\u00a0 1972.\u00a0 Exposure times necessary for antimycin and rotenone to eliminate certain freshwater fish.\u00a0 Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29:199-202.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Gilderhus 1972<\/a><\/p>\n Gingerich, W., and J. Rach.\u00a0 1985.\u00a0 Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of rotenone by bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus<\/em>).\u00a0 Aquatic Toxicology 6:179-196.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Gingerich and Rach 1985<\/a><\/p>\n Hudson, R., Tucker, R. and M. Haegele.\u00a0 1984.\u00a0 Handbook of toxicity of pesticides to wildlife (2nd<\/sup> edition).\u00a0 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 153, Washington, D.C.\u00a0 \u00a0Read entire report here:\u00a0Handbook of Toxicity of Pesticides to Wildlife (Hudson et al. 1984)<\/a><\/p>\n Kj\u00e6rstad G,. J. Arnekleiv, and J. Speed.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0\u00a0Effects of three consecutive rotenone treatments on the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of the River Ogna, Central Norway.\u00a0 River Research Applications, published online in Wiley Online Library\u00a0(wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002\/rra.2873.\u00a0 Read the entire article here:\u00a0Kj\u00e6rstad et al 2015<\/a><\/p>\n Mangum, F., and J. Madrigal.\u00a0 1999.\u00a0 Rotenone effects on aquatic invertebrates of the Strawberry, Utah: a five-ear summary.\u00a0 Journal of Freshwater Ecology 14:125-135.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Mangum and Madrigal 1999<\/a><\/p>\n Marking, L.\u00a0 1988.\u00a0 Oral toxicity of rotenone to mammals.\u00a0 Investigations in Fish Control 94.\u00a0 USFWS, Washington D.C.\u00a0 Read entire report here:\u00a0\u00a0Rach et al. (1988)<\/a><\/p>\n Marking, L and T. Bills.\u00a0 1976.\u00a0 Toxicity of rotenone to fish in standardized laboratory tests.\u00a0 Investigations in Fish Control 72.\u00a0 \u00a0USFWS, Washington, D.C. Read entire report here:\u00a0Marking & Bills (1976)<\/a><\/p>\n McMillin, S. and B.J. Finlayson.\u00a0 2008.\u00a0 Chemical residues in water and sediment following rotenone application to Lake Davis, California 2007.\u00a0 California Department of Fish and Game, OSPR Administrative Report 08-01, Rancho Cordova.\u00a0 \u00a0 Read entire report here:\u00a0McMillin and Finlayson 2008<\/a><\/p>\n Meadows, B.\u00a0 1973.\u00a0 Toxicity of rotenone to some species of coarse fish and invertebrates.\u00a0 Journal Fish Biology 5:155-163. Read the entire article here: Meadows 1973<\/a><\/p>\n Melaas, C., K. Zimmer, M. Butler, and M. Hanson.\u00a0 2001.\u00a0 Effects of rotenone on aquatic invertebrate communities in prairie wetlands.\u00a0 Hydrobiologia 459: 177-186.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Melaas et al. 2001<\/a><\/p>\n Neves, R.\u00a0 1975.\u00a0 Zooplankton recolonization of a lake cover treated with rotenone.\u00a0 Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 104:390-393.\u00a0 Read the entire article here: Neves 1975<\/a><\/p>\n Rach, J.J., T.D. Bills, and L.L. Marking. 1988. Acute and chronic toxicity of rotenone to Daphnia magna<\/em>.\u00a0 Investigations in Fish Control 92.\u00a0 USFWS, Washington, D.C.\u00a0 Read entire report here:\u00a0Rach et al. (1988)<\/a><\/p>\n Recsetar, M., and S. Bonar.\u00a0 2015.\u00a0\u00a0Effectiveness of two commercial rotenone formulations\u00a0in the eradication of Virile Crayfish Orconectes virilis.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>North American Journal Fisheries Management 35: 616-620.\u00a0 Read the entire article here:\u00a0Recsetar and Bonar 2015<\/a><\/p>\n Vinson, M., and D. Vinson.\u00a0 2007.\u00a0 An analysis of the effects of rotenone on aquatic invertebrate assemblages in the Silver King Creek Basin, California.\u00a0 Final Report June 2007 submitted to USFS, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Carson City, NV.\u00a0 Read the entire report here:\u00a0Vinson and Vinson 2007<\/a><\/p>\n Vinson, M., E. Dinger, and D. Vinson.\u00a0 2010.\u00a0 Piscicides and invertebrates: after 70 years, does anyone really know?\u00a0 Fisheries 35(2):61-71.\u00a0 Read the entire article here:\u00a0Vinson et al. 2010<\/a><\/p>\n