FLAFS 2024 Abstracts
The Community and Engagement Committee (CEC) wants to hear from you!
| Presenter: | Community and Engagement Committee (CEC) |
| Institution: | Florida Chapter AFS Community and Engagement Committee |
| Coauthors: | |
| Amanda Croteau | University of West Florida Kimberly Bonvechio | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chelsey Crandall | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Susanna Harrison | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Casey Murray | University of Florida Kristie Perez | University of Florida Michelle Shaffer | University of Central Florida Quenton Tuckett | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| The Florida Chapter’s Community and Engagement Committee (CEC) was founded in April 2022 to address the need for increased engagement, diversity, and inclusion within the Florida Chapter of the American Fisheries Society (FLAFS). The CEC includes eight members across a range of fisheries sectors and career stages. We are seeking constructive feedback to increase our committee’s visibility and effectiveness as we continue to strive to ensure that FLAFS provides a safe and welcoming community for everyone working in fisheries. We are also looking for suggestions for activities and initiatives that would help to increase diversity in our profession, encourage membership engagement across all sectors and regions in Florida, and benefit current and future members of our professional community. This interactive poster offers multiple avenues for FLAFS members to get involved, connect with CEC members, and provide ideas and feedback. |
Gizzard Shad Harvesting Removes Phosphorus and Aids in the Restoration of Lake Apopka
| Presenter: | Christy Akers |
| Institution: | St. Johns River Water Management District |
| Coauthors: | |
| Steven Miller | St. Johns River Water Management District | |
| Abstract: | |
| Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) harvesting has been used as a technique to remove biologically available phosphorus (P) from Lake Apopka’s water column for more than 30 years. This program, which uses carefully managed gill nets to harvest gizzard shad from the lake, is the most cost-effective method of removing P. The high cost-effectiveness is the result of the fish being sold, with the proceeds helping to offset the removal costs. Since 1993, 32.6 million pounds of gizzard shad have been removed from Lake Apopka, resulting in the removal of 269,000 pounds of P, helping to achieve water quality targets. In addition to the P removed, reducing gizzard shad abundance also reduces the recycling of sediment P by gizzard shad feeding upon sediments. The combined efforts to reduce external P loading and remove existing P from the lake has resulted in the annual average P concentration dropping below the target concentration for the first time in 2022. With reduced algal abundance and turbidity, native submerged vegetation has been expanding throughout the lake, increasing critical habitat for gamefish. The population of gizzard shad has been reduced >70% since the start of the program and ongoing fishing keeps the population in check. |
Assessing the Effects of a Large-Scale Habitat Restoration on the Shallow Water Fish Community of East Lake Tohopekaliga
| Presenter: | Chris Anderson He/Him/His |
| Institution: | FWC-FWRI |
| Coauthors: | |
| Ted Lange | FWC-FWRI Doug Richard | FWC-FWRI Travis Tuten | FWC-FWRI Jason O’Connor | FWC-FWRI Arthur Bernhardt | FWC-FWRI Brad Fontaine | Florida Custom Aquatic Services, LLC. Jen Moran | FWC-FWRI Kirk Dunn | FWC-FWRI Tim Coughlin | FWC-HSC Marty Mann | FWC-DFFM |
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| Abstract: | |
| Water level stabilization and excessive growth of invasive aquatic plants have all contributed to the accelerated rate of lake succession in East Lake Tohopekaliga (ELT). A lake drawdown began on October 1, 2019 when water levels were lowered from 56.41 ft (NGVD) to 52.31 ft (NGVD) on May 24, 2020 (> 1,133 ha of lakebed exposed). Littoral habitat restoration was conducted by FWC’s Aquatic Habitat Restoration and Enhancement subsection in spring/summer 2020 by controlling/removing monocultures of invasive emergent vegetation via herbicide treatment and prescribed burning as well as the mechanical removal of woody vegetation, tussocks, and associated organic material from the littoral zone. Our study evaluated impacts to shallow water fish communities, site-specific water quality (e.g., diel dissolved oxygen regimes) and habitat structure/composition (e.g., aquatic vegetation density and depth of organic sediment) across a range of habitat restoration and enhancement actions (i.e., pre- vs post-treatment). Mini-fyke nets and dissolved oxygen sondes were used to sample the fish community and DO regimes, respectively in September 2016, 2018, 2019 (i.e., pre-treatment), and 2020, 2021, and 2022 (i.e., post-treatment). Qualitative habitat assessments of aquatic vegetation and sediment cores were also completed at each site. Significantly more individual fish were captured post-treatment (26,378 fish/year; 79,134 total) than pre-treatment (7,549 fish/year; 22,648 total). Our results indicate that large-scale lake restorations have substantial benefits to both total numbers of fish and fish community composition (e.g., species richness and evenness) in shallow littoral habitats. |
Exchange of juvenile tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) and common snook (Centorpomus undecimalis) between a mosquito impoundment and the Indian River Lagoon estuary
| Presenter: | ELI BRADLEY |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Sarah Webb | SFWMD | |
| Abstract: | |
| Juvenile tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) depend on coastal wetlands for nursery habitat. The larvae remain in these protected areas until they reach a total length of at least 250 mm, then emigrate to the main estuary, often during flood events. In the Indian River Lagoon, development has changed habitat availability. Wetlands located within mosquito impoundments are connected to the main estuary by culverts which are opened periodically. Our study site is an impoundment in Jensen Beach that is known to contain juvenile tarpon. The culverts at this site are left open year-round as managers explore the best option for mangrove restoration. The objectives of this study are to determine 1) the residency of juvenile tarpon since they can move freely through culverts, and 2) The conditions under which emigration occurs. To meet these objectives, 13 juvenile tarpon were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked via an array of acoustic receivers. |
Dispersal patterns of Tilapia Oreochromis spp. in the St. Johns River Basin lakes
| Presenter: | Anabelle Baggs * |
| Institution: | St. Johns River Water Management District |
| Coauthors: | |
| Avery Cogley | St. Johns River Water Management Distrcit | |
| Abstract: | |
| Recent haul seining in Upper St. Johns River Basin lakes have indicated that Tilapia Oreochromis spp. (Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis niloticus, and their hybrids, hereafter referred to as Tilapia) have become a dominant component of the fish community. This increase has occurred over the last 20 years. Tilapia life history traits and characteristics aid in their invasion success. Understanding characteristics that promote Tilapia invasion success and establishment is critical in management planning. We look at the spatial and temporal patterns of Tilapia dispersal within the St. Johns River using historical Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission (FWC) fish sampling data. In addition, we will discuss the life history traits that contribute to Tilapia invasion success. |
Genetic impacts of Shoal Bass stocking in the Chipola River, Florida
| Presenter: | Brandon Barthel |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andy Strickland | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Chris Paxton | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Ryan Henry | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Bryan Winston | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
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| Abstract: | |
| The only Shoal Bass population in Florida is found in the Chipola River. Shoal Bass population recruitment is strongly influenced by precipitation and discharge conditions in the Chipola River during the spring reproductive period. When conditions are not suitable there can be complete reproductive failure and lost year-classes. The upper portion of the Chipola River includes nearly all the Shoal Bass habitat in Florida and it was significantly impacted when Hurricane Michael passed through the watershed in 2018. Post-hurricane population declines led managers to decide to stock juvenile Shoal Bass produced in hatchery ponds into the river in 2022 and 2023. Previously developed genetic approaches were used to identify the progeny of hatchery brood stock that were captured in the wild after release. This meant that hatchery produced fish and wild spawned fish could be distinguished from each other genetically when they were captured in the river. Recognizing that the genetic composition of the Chipola Shoal Bass population would be influenced by both the relative frequency of hatchery versus wild spawned fish and the genetic characteristics of the two groups, genetic diversity indices were estimated for hatchery and wild spawned fish sampled from the river in fall 2022 and 2023. The data suggested that the 2022 and 2023 cohorts included more hatchery fish than wild fish, but that the wild fish had greater genetic diversity and were likely to have been produced by a larger pool of adults than the fish in the hatchery. Overall, the data collected to date suggests that the two stocking events will make a significant impact on the Chipola River Shoal Bass population going forward. |
Efficacy of Gastric Lavage for Stomach Content Analysis of Bullseye Snakehead (Channa marulius) and Butterfly Peacock Bass (Cichla ocellaris)
| Presenter: | Destiny Beltran |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Brian Hutchinson | U.S Fish and Wildlife Service Kelly Gestring | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Shelby J. Stanley | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| Gastric lavage is a non-lethal technique used on a variety of fish species to sample stomach contents. The efficacy of the gastric lavage method was tested and evaluated to determine the percentage of stomach contents removed on nonnative Bullseye Snakehead Channa marulius and Butterfly Peacock Bass Cichla ocellaris. Sacrificing fish may cause poor public relations and may not be a preferable option for certain species. Butterfly Peacock Bass are an important sportfish and non-lethal techniques should be employed to preserve the population. Current studies on Bullseye Snakehead abundance, distribution and diet are still being conducted and non-lethal techniques could be used to further understand the population dynamics. Fish were collected from E-1WN and C-16 canals in Palm Beach County and a Home-Owners Association Lake in Broward County, FL via boat-mounted electrofishing. Stomach content was sampled by using a Rule 12-volt, 500 gph water pump with polyethylene tubing. Fish were stored on ice and gastrointestinal tracts were removed in lab to confirm efficacy of the gastric lavage technique. Sixty-one Bullseye Snakehead and 41 Butterfly Peacock Bass were sampled both in the field as well as in the lab. Gastric lavage was found to remove all whole prey items from Bullseye Snakehead with 83% accuracy and all whole prey items from the Butterfly Peacock Bass with 74% accuracy. It was determined that the gastric lavage was less successful at removing larger, deep-bodied species with spiny rays (i.e Cichlidae and Centrarchidae), but overall, a practical and reliable method for collecting stomach contents. |
Parasite-induced alterations in sociality and behavior in estuarine and coastal fishes
| Presenter: | Christopher Blanar He/Him/His |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Abstract: | |
| Parasites often modify host behavior to enhance their own survival and transmission. In California, the trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis has been shown to infect the brain and modify the behavior of its killifish second intermediate hosts; this makes them more susceptible to predation by the fisheating wading birds that serve as the parasite’s definitive hosts. In Florida, we’ve been exploring how individual and social behavior are altered in gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) following controlled infection with a closely related but as yet unnamed parasite (Euhaplorchis sp.) with a nearly identical life cycle. We’ve examined how a suite of behavioral traits (sociality, anti-predator response, and personality) are altered in experimentally infected fishes, with the long term goal of understanding how such behavioral changes scale up to population and community level in natural habitats. For example, we explore how infection alters individual personality traits, using behavioral assays for boldness (tendency to take risks) and exploration (willingness to explore novel environments). Our data support the hypothesis that infected fishes are bolder and more exploratory than uninfected individuals, which presumably makes them more susceptible to predation. We have also detected significant effects of infection on fast-start escape response reaction times, speed, and acceleration in response to simulated predators. I conclude with a brief review of how commonly such host parasite interactions are encountered and their likely ecological significance. As these small-bodied fishes play key roles in estuarine and coastal food webs, parasite induced changes in behavior could have far-reaching consequences in these ecosystems. |
Monitoring of Patch Reefs at Buckeye: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fish Abundance and Diversity in Taylor County, Florida, using citizen science-based data.
| Presenter: | Victor Blanco |
| Institution: | Florida Sea Grant – UF/IFAS Taylor County Extension |
| Abstract: | |
| This report presents findings from a citizen science-based project aimed at assessing the ecological status of six patch reefs at Buckeye through scuba diving surveys conducted between April 8th and July 29th, 2023, and comparing with data collected in 2018 and 2021 by the same program. The study utilized two fish census methods – Stationary Visual Census and R.E.E.F.’s Roving Diver method to collect data on species composition, abundance, and diversity. A total of 24 reef site surveys revealed 40 fish species across 26 families, indicating a 25% increase in species and 18% increase in families compared to 2021. The Serranidae family exhibited the highest diversity. Scrap metal at Reef site 14 demonstrated the most diverse fish composition, with 27 species, while Reef site 2 (concrete cubes) showed the lowest diversity with 11 species. The Margalef’s biodiversity index suggested homogeneous diversity across all reef sites and materials in 2023, unlike 2021, where scrap metal sites exhibited higher biodiversity. The analysis of sportfish species over time revealed variations in abundance, with Gray Snapper and White Grunt dominating in 2023. However, statistical significance and trends require further investigation. The Roving Diver method indicated changes in Density Index and Sighting Frequency Index values for various sportfish species in 2023 compared to 2021 and 2018. While some species, like Gag grouper, exhibited a decrease, others, like White grunt and Mangrove Snapper, showed an increase in abundance. Reef sites with larger bottom footprints, particularly those with scrap metal, demonstrated higher fish diversity and abundance, consistent with stationary method results. This study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and emphasizes the need for more samples and robust statistical analysis to discern trends and causative factors influencing fish abundance and diversity in Buckeye’s patch reefs. The results underscore the role of habitat complexity, with larger bottom footprint sites displaying higher biodiversity, providing valuable insights for future conservation efforts. |
Artificial reef fish monitoring on a citizen science-based program in Taylor County, Florida
| Presenter: | Victor Blanco |
| Institution: | Florida Sea Grant – UF/IFAS Taylor County Extension |
| Abstract: | |
| Taylor County have been deploying artificial reef materials to create an artificial reef at Buckeye, located 22 miles offshore East of Steinhatchee, Gulf of Mexico. As it has become a popular fishing spot, it is necessary to describe the fish structure associated to the artificial reefs and assess the structures. Grant funds from FWC were allocated to perform the Buckeye Reef Monitoring Program. A Social media campaign helped enroll volunteer divers to support the efforts on a Citizen Science-based program. The divers training session, including an online module for fish identification, and an in-person training for fish census, artificial reef structure assessment and fish identification methods was held in 2018 and 2021. A total of 45 volunteer divers have been trained. The goal was to collect valid scientific data over fish population and artificial reef structures at eighteen (in 2018) and six (in 2021) different deployment sites in Buckeye Reef to promote this location for recreational fishing and diving and to evaluate the impact of the county reef program. During the 2018-2021 period volunteer divers invested 1,680 hours, of which 165 are diving hours, equivalent to $37K in contributions. Fish data documented 31 species of 19 families for the stationary count method. For roving dive counts, a total of 37 species of 25 families were recorded. Gag groupers and Amberjacks represent the largest abundant fish in the Sportfish group, followed by Hogfish, Red grouper, Barracudas, Sheepshead, Red Snapper, and Gray triggerfish. No Lionfish has been recorded during the monitoring program. Fish have a relative higher abundance in scrap metal, followed by tetrahedrons, culverts, and concrete cubes, respectively, mainly due to material’s footprint. In average, 98% of the reef material is intact with incrusting algae, sponges and anthozoans as predominant coverage species. The bottom coverage of reef materials assessed is 5,576 sqft (scrap metal accounts for 75%). |
Adult Movement and Larval Dispersion of Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) from Spawning Aggregations off the West Coast of Florida
| Presenter: | Eric Bovee He/Him * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Debra Murie | University of Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| Gray Snapper, also known as Mangrove Snapper, sustain recreational and commercial fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico, with the highest fishing pressures on the West Florida Shelf. Previous studies on the movement of Gray Snapper have been limited to their movement from inshore to offshore habitat, presumably when they reach sexual maturity. In addition, studies on Gray Snapper lunar-spawning cycles had mixed results with fish spawning on full or new moons, or entirely unrelated to the lunar phase. The purpose of this study is to determine the movement of Gray Snapper from spawning aggregations and whether there is a difference in larval dispersion from spawning scenarios based on different lunar phases. The movement of Gray Snapper from offshore spawning aggregations was determined using the recovery of tagged fish. Dorsal spines and fin rays were removed and non-lethally aged to determine whether there were differences in movement among age classes. To determine the larval dispersion of Gray Snapper, the movement of larvae, from their point of origin offshore to their settlement inshore, will be predicted using simulations based on the Connectivity Modeling System (CMS), which is a biophysical model that uses behavioral, biological, and environmental inputs. Behavioral and biological inputs will be derived from literature and environmental inputs will be from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model. Using the CMS model, I will compare three spawning scenarios: spawning only during new moons or full moons or spawning throughout the season based on spawning frequency derived from a concurrent reproductive study. |
Fishing perspectives in the Hispanic community: generational differences in fishing participation
| Presenter: | Rachel Bratton She/Her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andrew Mallinak | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Chelsey Crandall | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Phillip Rodgers | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Camila Cáceres | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Brandon Stys | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| Research has demonstrated that Hispanic Americans experience significant barriers to participation in outdoor leisure activities, such as recreational fishing. However, past studies focused primarily on 1st generation immigrants, who may not represent subsequent generations of Americans. Seeking to improve our understanding of Hispanic anglers in Florida, this poster uses data from a survey of 1,161 Hispanic Floridians to examine the following research questions: 1) how does participation in fishing differ between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd+ generation Hispanic anglers? and 2) do barriers to fishing participation differ between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd+ generation Hispanic anglers? Preliminary findings indicate that 3rd+ generation Hispanic anglers fish twice as often as 1st or 2nd generation Hispanic anglers, and are nearly 5 times more likely to belong to a fishing group or club. Furthermore, 1st and 2nd generation Hispanic anglers experience significantly more barriers to fishing participation than 3rd+ generation anglers. Additional analyses, including comparisons based on country of origin, will characterize other aspects of fishing participation among Hispanic anglers in Florida. These findings improve understanding of Hispanic anglers in Florida, providing managers with information necessary to facilitate increased fishing participation within an important and growing demographic. |
I get knocked down, but I get up again. Population resilience at a spotted seatrout spawning aggregation site following a severe red tide bloom
| Presenter: | Sarah Burnsed |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Susan Lowerre-Barbieri | University of Florida Joel Bickford | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
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| Abstract: | |
| Following an intense red tide (Karenia brevis) bloom in 2005 in Tampa Bay, Florida, we assessed impact on and recovery of the residential Bunces Pass spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) spawning aggregation using active and passive acoustic monitoring, CPUE, and age structure. Data on diel and seasonal spawning aggregation periodicities, acoustically tagged fish behavior, and spawning population demographics were collected before, during, and after the bloom. The spawning population at Bunces Pass declined significantly during the 2005 bloom as indicated by a complete cessation of aggregation sounds, disappearance of all acoustically implanted fish, and CPUE values of 0 across different gears. Although we observed spotted seatrout returning in small numbers in subsequent spawning seasons, it was not until four years post-bloom (2009) that CPUE and the age structure of the spawning population recovered to pre- red tide values.
Although Bunces Pass has the largest and most influential spotted seatrout spawning aggregation in Tampa Bay, at an estuarine scale, spotted seatrout were likely able to mitigate the 2005 red-tide effect and maximize population fitness by having widely distributed, less-productive spawning sites throughout Tampa Bay. By spreading risk spatially, spotted seatrout increase their reproductive resilience not only to this particular event but to any other future spatially explicit stressors. Evaluating the response of spotted seatrout to significant environmental stressors such as the 2005 red tide and assessing their reproductive resilience increases efficacy of adaptive management strategies for this recreationally important gamefish. |
Updating Descriptions of Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) for Federally Managed Gulf of Mexico Finfish and Shrimp Species
| Presenter: | Alexandria Carson she/her/hers * |
| Institution: | University of Tampa |
| Coauthors: | |
| Bridgette Froeschke | University of Tampa Zoe Golden | University of Tampa Tala Bleau | University of Tampa Promise Peralta | University of Tampa Alyee Hodges | University of Tampa |
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| Abstract: | |
| Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) designates aquatic habitat necessary for fish to live, spawn, reproduce and grow to maturity. The Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) was initially instated in 1976 as the primary law to designate EFH in United States waters. Regional Fishery Management Councils, under the MSA’s specific EFH designation guidelines, have worked to identify, map and protect areas of EFH in their respective U.S. regions. Despite the importance of EFH in coastal ecosystems, inconsistencies in the identification of EFH sites have been largely identified within the Gulf of Mexico. The objective of this project was to compile spatial habitat data layers across the Gulf of Mexico from various sources, using statistical software to visualize, analyze and aggregate feature layers to create Gulf-wide maps for each habitat type by ecological zones. Each map was separated into specific habitat types for each year in which data was collected throughout the entirety of the Gulf. In addition to Gulf-wide maps, state specific maps were conducted to provide a close-up view of each state’s Gulf coastline. Temporal and spatial habitat discrepancies and data gaps were determined gulf wide. This data is beneficial for understanding areas of high interest for future habitat mapping. The project was conducted in accordance with the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council’s set of requirements for determining essential fish habitat per species. |
Effects of Altered Habitat and Seagrass Loss on Fish Communities in Southwest Florida Tidal Creeks: Harbingers for Estuary-Wide Change?
| Presenter: | Kelly Chase He/His/Him * |
| Institution: | 1) of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences 1408 24th Street SE Ruskin FL 33570 USA 2) 1Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Charlotte Harbor Field Lab 585 Prineville St. Port Charlotte Florida 33954 |
| Coauthors: | |
| David Blewett | 1Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, 585 Prineville St., Port Charlotte, Florida 33954 Philip Stevens | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Courtney Saari | 1) Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, 585 Prineville St., Port Charlotte, Florida 33954 2)3Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Quenton Tuckett | University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, 1408 24th Street SE, Ruskin, FL 33570, USA Jeffrey Hill | University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, 1408 24th Street SE, Ruskin, FL 33570, USA |
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| Abstract: | |
| Phase shifts can occur in marine ecosystems because of external stressors. Such shifts from one state (e.g., clear water, vast seagrass) to another (e.g., phytoplankton blooms, bare substrate) are being documented worldwide. In coastal environments, the external stressors that cause phase shifts are numerous and frequently interact, yet case studies often implicate altered hydrology and increased nutrient input. Tidal creeks may be especially prone to phase shifts because of their position in the landscape, which exposes them to the brunt of deleterious effects caused by coastal development. We used fisheries independent monitoring data (July 2014– June 2022) from 21.3-m seines in three tidal creeks located in the Charlotte Harbor estuary, Florida, to investigate the effects of altered habitat on resident fish communities. Multivariate analyses identified a change in fish assemblages that coincided with algal blooms and rapid seagrass loss in a tidal creek downstream of development; these changes did not occur in creeks downstream of more natural habitat. Reductions in benthic species, such as rainwater killifish Lucania parva, were offset by increases in the planktivorous bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli. The habitat and species shifts observed in a tidal creek downstream of development are indicative of a potential phase shift. Ongoing restoration efforts, however, will allow future work to determine whether these changes persist or can be reversed. Nevertheless, given that persistent seagrass loss, algae blooms, and habitat alteration are currently taking place in areas of the open estuary; trends observed within tidal creeks may warn of future, large-scale changes to the system. Identifying habitat and species shifts, as well as potential correlative factors, can help guide resource planning to strengthen ecosystem resilience and recovery within Charlotte Harbor and other estuaries throughout Florida. |
Preliminary Experiments Evaluating the Potential to Eliminate the Need for Artemia During the Intensive Culture of Larval Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
| Presenter: | Matthew Corriveau He/Him |
| Institution: | Marine Fisheries Enhancement Center Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Apollo Beach Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jason Lemus | FWC/FWRI Kerry Mesner | FWC/FWRI Kaitlyn O’Neil | FWC/FWRI Josh Taylor | FWC/FWRI Shawn Coyle | FWC/FWRI |
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| Abstract: | |
| Intensively cultured Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus; RD) larvae are initially fed rotifers for 2-10 days post hatch (dph), Artemia nauplii for 10-14 days, and transitioned to microparticulate diet (MD) thereafter. Provision of live feed is a significant expense in intensive larval culture. Research has shown RD can be cofed rotifers and MD as early as 3-7 dph, then MD alone using Biokyowa®, which is no longer allowed in the US. There are several commercially available MDs for potential replacement of Artemia during intensive culture of RD. A series of short-term investigations were conducted to determine the effects of larval age, MD brand, MD abundance, and rotifer abundance on selectivity of MD and rotifers by RD larvae toward eliminating Artemia dependency. Garden tanks (520 L) were used to grow larvae to 2-11 dph for trials. Black 19L buckets in triplicate were stocked with larvae the afternoon before the trials and held without food until the following morning. Larval densities were 6-20/L. Rotifers were fed at 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5/ml. MD feed rates were 0.2 to 0.6g/m3. Skretting’s Gemma Wean® (GW) and Gemma Diamond® (GD) and Otohime® (OTO) were evaluated. Trial durations were 1-3 hours. At harvest, larvae were anesthetized and preserved in 3% formalin. Guts of ten larvae per replicate were excised and MD granules and rotifer mastaxes were counted by microscope. The data indicate OTO is preferred by larval RD over GW and GD (P<0.05). Increasing MD amount increased consumption only in the 6 and 7 dph group. Reducing the abundance of rotifers resulted in increased ingestion of MD only in the 9 dph group. Habituation does not seem to improve subsequent MD acceptance. Reducing rotifer abundance does not reduce rotifer consumption. These results provide a foundation for developing age-appropriate feeding schedules for intensive production of RD. |
Update on the Quest for a Zero-Withdrawal Anesthetic for Fish in the United States
| Presenter: | Shawn Coyle |
| Institution: | Marine Fisheries Enhancement Center Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Apollo Beach FL |
| Coauthors: | |
| Cortney Ohs | UF Joshua Patterson | UF Matthew Corriveau | FWC Kaitlyn O’Neil | FWC Barron Moody | FWC Kerry Mesner | FWC Jason Lemus | FWC Matthew DiMaggio | UF |
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| Abstract: | |
| The need for a zero-withdrawal anesthetic in the US is widely recognized by fish culturists and fisheries managers. Unlike terrestrial vertebrates, fish are vulnerable to external and internal damage during physical restraint. Anesthetics reduce harm, mitigate stress and disease following handling and increase acceptable biomass during live transport. The FDA regulates chemicals that can be used on foodfish. The FDA may require a withdrawal period before fish can be used for food or released into the environment where it may be captured for food. In the US, Tricaine-S® is the only anesthetic drug approved by the FDA and requires a 21-d withdrawal period. Eugenol is an essential oil found in many plants including clove (Syzygium aromaticum). The anesthetic effect of eugenol on fish was first reported in the 1970’s. In 2008, AQUI-S New Zealand, Ltd., announced the release of a new fish anesthetic; AQUI-S®20E (10% eugenol). Considerable data have been generated to demonstrate that AQUI-S®20E effectively sedates freshwater and marine fish. AQUI-S®20E is currently approved for restricted use under FDA’s Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) program. The INAD allows fish to be treated at 100-1000 mg/L AQUI-S®20E for up to 15 minutes for handleable sedation or 10-150 mg/L for up to 8 hours for light sedation. The INAD protocol allows for immediate release of freshwater and marine finfish sedated for up to 15-minute exposure during field work for fish that are not susceptible to legal harvest. However, the current INAD requires a 72-hour withdrawal period for AQUI-S®20E following hatchery procedures and light sedation and it is not approved for use in transport. FDA approval for prolonged exposure to low dose concentrations for transport requires additional research on warmwater and marine fish. Plans to conduct these trials in a collaborative effort by researchers from FWC and UF will be discussed. |
Understanding the human dimensions of recreational fisheries bycatch and depredation
| Presenter: | Chelsey Crandall she/her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Phillip Rodgers | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Andrew Mallinak | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Rachel Bratton | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| There is increasing attention on issues of non-target species interactions with fishing through bycatch (incidental catch on fishing gear) and depredation (feeding on catches). However, human dimensions research on these topics has largely focused on commercial fisheries, while recreational fisheries bycatch and depredation interactions remain relatively understudied. These issues are particularly complex when dealing with threatened or vulnerable species such as turtles or marine mammals. Such interactions can have negative ecological consequences, for example through increased mortality of target and non-target species or changes in species’ behavior. They can also negatively impact fishing activities, such as through reduction in catch or by necessitating changes in fishing location; however, some anglers may view these interactions as positive experiences, for example seeing them as the opportunity to interact with charismatic or large predator species. Better understanding the human dimensions of recreational bycatch and depredation across systems can help inform efforts to reduce negative outcomes from these interactions and efforts to promote human-wildlife coexistence. |
Functional traits reveal habitat use of non-native river fishes in the United States: Information to support monitoring and modelling of species invasions in the Coastal Plains
| Presenter: | EM Dean she/her |
| Institution: | Cherokee Nation System Solutions |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jonathan Freedman | Cherokee Nation System Solutions Wesley Daniel | US Geological Survey |
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| Abstract: | |
| Aquatic invasive species are a major threat to freshwater ecosystems that cost the United States federal government and its partners billions of dollars to manage. Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) to aquatic species invasions is the most effective way to mitigate invasion management costs in freshwater ecosystems. To plan EDRR at the large scales in which aquatic invasive species spread, there is a need to identify the freshwater habitats important for a species’ establishment. The best approach to estimating habitat suitability is often using species occurrence data, but in absence of that information, a surrogate approach using traits can be utilized. To address this need, we characterized associations between 77 traits of 180 non-native (native transplant and exotic) river fishes and environmental gradients in nine ecoregions of the conterminous United States and the state of Alaska. In this presentation, we will present our national assessment and emphasize our findings for non-native fish species found in the Coastal Plains ecoregion. Broadly, traits generalize ecoregional patterns in river habitat use of non-native river fish species across the nation. However, the traits functionally important to a non-native species’ establishment can vary along environmental gradients and across ecoregions. Moreover, the relative influence of environmental variables on a species’ functional traits can vary between ecoregions with similar non-native assemblages but different invasion stages. This approach will allow assessments of habitat suitability in areas lacking biological data or for horizon scanning of novel or range expanding species. Collectively, our research provides important regional context for planning EDRR to fish invasions in river ecosystems of the United States. |
Long-Term Aquatic Vegetation Monitoring of Florida Lakes
| Presenter: | Brady Dickerson |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission |
| Abstract: | |
| The Freshwater Fisheries Long Term Monitoring (LTM) Program of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) began in 2006 with the intent to obtain data that could be used by fishery managers to inform trends in freshwater fisheries (e.g., population dynamics and species composition) for Florida’s important freshwater fisheries. Due to Florida’s subtropical climate and shallow lakes aquatic vegetation thrives and can become an issue if not attended to. Therefore in 2015, the need to incorporate a lake-scale habitat monitoring project as part of the LTM Program was realized, and protocols were established with a focus on collecting data that would monitor the state’s aquatic habitat and help inform management decisions. Aquatic Vegetation Sampling (AVS) occurs annually on lakes across Florida during the peak growing season and provides important data such as submersed vegetation percent area covered (PAC), percent volume of water infested (PVI), species richness, density, and frequency of occurrence estimates for all vegetation species encountered. AVS is conducted by a boat-mounted sonar unit and transducer to record 200 kHz down-looking broadband sonar imagery, while samples at point intercepts are collected to determine vegetation speciation along a survey grid. Grid dimensions are a function of lake size and preferred data resolution. The sonar data is processed and merged using biobase, a web-based sonar data processing algorithm which estimates and maps submersed vegetation coverage and biovolume. The point-intercept data is used to create plant assemblage and species-specific maps. This data can be used as a baseline data set of habitat conditions that are monitored through time, inform current or future research and management actions, and could help explain changes to fish and wildlife populations. Due to AVS the drastic decline in eelgrass distribution in Kings Bay can be identified and sourced as damage from Hurricane Idalia’s storm surge/saltwater intrusion. |
A Statewide survey of pharmaceutical exposure: Red Drum in Florida estuaries
| Presenter: | Andy Distrubell * |
| Institution: | Florida International University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Nicholas Castillo | Florida International University W. Ryan James | Florida International University Shakira Trabelsi | Florida International University Rolando Santos | Florida International University Daniel Cerveny | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Ryan Rezek | Coastal Carolina University Ross Boucek | Bonefish & Tarpon Trust Aaron Adams | Bonefish & Tarpon Trust Jerker Fick | UMEA University Tomas Brodin | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Jennifer Rehage | Florida International University |
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| Abstract: | |
| Increased recognition of pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants has led to growing evidence suggesting adverse health effects on wildlife and human populations. Despite growing proof of their harmful effects, these contaminants are not officially recognized as pollutants and there are no established regulations for their presence in the environment. Our research focused on assessing the exposure and risk from 94 tested pharmaceuticals and their potential threat to red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in nine Florida estuaries. Pharmaceuticals were detected in all estuaries sampled; 93% of 11de3 blood plasma samples and 61% of 109 muscle samples analyzed contained pharmaceuticals. This study highlights the presence of pharmaceuticals in red drum across Florida, pointing to issues related to statewide wastewater management and its potential impact on fisheries throughout the state. |
Florida: Trophy Bass Fishing Capital of the World?
| Presenter: | Jason Dotson |
| Institution: | FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Allen Martin | FWC Division of Freshwater Fisheries Management Drew Dutterer | FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
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| Abstract: | |
| Florida is the birthplace of trophy bass fishing, and reigned as the undisputed trophy bass fishing capital of the world before Florida Bass were transplanted across the globe. From 1911 – 1969, only four of the largest bass entered in the annual Field & Stream Fishing Contest came from outside of Florida. This time-period coincided with minimal fisheries management, but Florida’s trophy bass production was fueled by the right genetics, a water rich landscape with pristine habitat, and natural hydrological cycles. Pioneer anglers built a reputation for Florida’s supreme bass fishing, which spurred an explosion of fish camps and guide services. Substantial increases in fishing effort with unsustainable harvest coupled with deteriorating water quality and habitat led to declining trophy catches. Over the next several decades, Florida began managing bass fisheries more intensively with harvest restrictions, stock enhancement, and habitat restoration efforts. While Florida bass fisheries were recovering, California, Texas, and other states began introducing Florida Bass and managing trophy fisheries with incredible success. California produced 20 of the heaviest 25 bass ever caught between 1973 – 2006. Texas launched the ShareLunker program in 1986 and the first submission was a new state record famously named “Ethel”, which helped propel Texas into the national spotlight of trophy bass fishing destinations. By the 1990s Florida was no longer the trophy bass capital. In 2010, Florida developed a comprehensive Black Bass Management Plan with a vision to re-establish Florida as the “Bass Fishing Capital of the World” through innovative fish, habitat, and people management. TrophyCatch, a citizen-science trophy bass documentation program, became the flagship program to promote Florida trophy bass fishing while generating data to better inform research and management. The success of these investments ultimately led to the development of the Florida Trophy Bass Project, which will be presented in a companion talk. |
Suwannee Lake Renovation: Fishery response, monitoring, and evolving management strategies
| Presenter: | Drew Dutterer |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Allen Martin | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Steve Beck | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| Beginning in 2013, FWC biologists implemented a whole-lake renovation at Suwannee Lake, a Fish Management Area in Suwannee County. A major focus of the project was to restore fish habitat that had slowly been degrading as the reservoir was approaching 50 years of age. To evaluate the lake renovation project’s benefits to the lake’s fish populations, especially for Florida Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission biologists began enhanced fish sampling from 2013 to present. This included biannual electrofishing sampling that targets Florida Bass in spring and entire fish community sampling in fall and multi-event mark-recapture sampling for Florida Bass abundance estimates in 2013 (pre restoration), 2018, 2020, and 2023. This sampling showed rapid growth of the initial post-restoration Florida Bass cohort and substantial increase in Florida Bass population abundance, indicating that the restoration project considerably boosted lake productivity. In 2018, the density of trophy bass in Suwannee Lake rivaled other top-tier trophy bass lakes in Florida. However, through time, trophy bass densities subsided and stunted growth was apparent among smaller bass. Over the last three years, FWC biologist have implemented a new suite of management strategies, like density reduction of small bass, regulation change to encourage harvest of small bass, and aggressive forage fish management to increase trophy bass abundance and size as part of a new agency initiative called the Florida Trophy Bass Project. The ongoing story of Suwannee Lake underscores the fact that many fisheries management projects require long-term commitment, evolving strategies, and dedicated monitoring plans. |
Seascape Heterogeneity Drives Movement Strategy Selection in Estuarine Predators
| Presenter: | Cody Eggenberger he/him * |
| Institution: | Florida International University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Natasha Viadero | Bonefish and Tarpon Trust Rolando Santos | FIU Rene Price | FIU Yannis Papastamatiou | FIU Jennifer Rehage | FIU |
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| Abstract: | |
| Spatiotemporal variability in an environment can influence the ways in which animals move and lead to the emergence of repeated movement patterns (i.e., movement syndromes or strategies). Here I use passive acoustic telemetry to identify the movement strategies used by two fish species within two neighboring estuaries of disparate seascape heterogeneity in Everglades National Park. Three statistically distinct movement strategies were determined by using a suite of seven movement metrics that quantified various parameters of the fishes’ seasonal movements. In accordance with theory, seascape heterogeneity correlated with movement strategy selection and fish navigating seascapes of limited heterogeneity had the greatest probability of eliciting Transient movement. Finally, variation in salinity within a seascape was found to be the greatest predictor of movement strategy selection. This finding is significant as, of the six biophysical seascape covariates included in this study, salinity is the most directly influenced by water management decisions and ongoing restoration efforts of the region. The results of this study enhance our understanding of how the most common anthropogenic disturbance to estuaries globally can drive interspecific behavioral change in estuarine dependent organisms- altered hydrology. |
Utilizing ArcGIS Quick Capture to observe trap distribution of the northeast Florida commercial blue crab fishery.
| Presenter: | Samantha Ehnert-Russo |
| Institution: | St. Johns River Water Management District Palatka FL Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Jacksonville Florida (former) |
| Coauthors: | |
| Claire McIntyre | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| ArcGIS Quick Capture is a no-code app builder that lets you customize the buttons, attributes, and actions required for efficient data collection. It was used by the Crustacean Program at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission’s Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) to document commercial blue crab trap numbers and locations throughout northeast Florida from 2020—2023. This presentation will highlight the app’s potential and the FWRI projects that utilized it to understand the commercial blue crab fishery in the lower St. Johns River, offshore northeast Florida, and the northeast Florida marsh from the St. Marys River to the St. Johns River. |
First of Its Kind: Invasion Risk of a Novel Amphibian, the Rio Cauca Caecilian, Typhlonectes natans
| Presenter: | Katie Everett she/her * |
| Institution: | UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory |
| Coauthors: | |
| Quenton Tuckett | UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory Jeffrey Hill | UF/IFAS Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory |
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| Abstract: | |
| After the establishment of at least 64 nonnative reptiles and amphibians over the last 160 years in the State of Florida, we might expect the occurrence of truly novel higher taxonomic groups to become increasingly uncommon. However, in 2019, a Rio Cauca caecilian (Typhlonectes natans) was found in a canal in Miami and further surveys indicated an established population. This population represents the establishment of a new order of vertebrates (Gymnophiona) in the United States, which is one of the most understudied vertebrate groups. The novelty of this invasion and lack of data prompted an investigation into its potential spread and impact. Our objectives were to 1) compile a biological profile of T. natans, 2) compare the climate of its native range to that of Florida and other potentially vulnerable regions of the United States, 3) evaluate data gaps, and 4) complete a risk screen for Florida. Our literature review found that while there has been significant taxonomic and physiological research on T. natans, there has been little work on its ecology and natural history in its native range. Climate matching showed a high match with Florida, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, but a low match with the conterminous United States. Despite the high climate match, our risk screening suggested that T. natans is a minor hazard and poses a low risk of invasiveness in Florida. However, certainty is low for these estimates given the lack of information about the species and an absence of any prior invasion history. We recommend additional research and continued monitoring of the Florida population. These new data can be used to improve assessment and management. Further, the invasion of this species serves as a warning to evaluate global introduction pathways and invasiveness of this often-overlooked amphibian order. |
Quantifying respiratory plasticity of checkered pufferfish under climate change conditions
| Presenter: | Logan Exton * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| David Kerstetter | Nova Southeastern University Jessica Schieber | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Benjamin Share | Nova Southeastern University |
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| Abstract: | |
| Increasing water temperatures resulting from global climate change introduce new energetic demands for marine organisms. Higher energy input will be required to cope with a subsequently higher metabolic rate, affecting all aspects of an individual’s life and therefore their survival. Because estuaries act as a link between rivers and oceans, they and their inhabitants are considered to be the most threatened by climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how these organisms will respond to increased stressors due to climate change. Checkered pufferfish (Sphoeroides testudineus) are among the most common teleost fish in the Indian River Lagoon, and spend much of their life in seagrass beds, mangroves, and tidal marshes, making them an ideal study species. Intermittent-flow respirometry, which estimates standard and maximum metabolic rates by measuring oxygen consumption, is used to make inferences about how this species will cope with higher water temperatures. A decreased aerobic scope, the difference between MMR and SMR, at higher temperatures reveals the inability to modify the allocation of an organism’s total energy budget in high stress conditions. Results show that survival favors a species with the affinity to increase its metabolic rates. Findings will contribute to the current knowledge of climate change and estuarine conservation research and will help to better understand and predict population changes of these and similar species. |
Armored Sailfin Catfish (Loricariidae): Invasive Species of Concern in the St. Johns River
| Presenter: | Randy Fink |
| Institution: | St. Johns River Water Management District |
| Coauthors: | |
| Steve Miller | St. Johns River Water Management District Arthur Bernhardt | Florida FWC Reid Hyle | Florida FWC |
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| Abstract: | |
| Recent fisheries surveys within Upper St. Johns River basin lakes suggest that exotic armored sailfin catfish (family Loricariidae) have been increasing in abundance throughout the basin. Loricariid introductions in Florida are thought to have originated from the aquarium trade where they were used to control aquaria algae. Loricariid exhibit an array of life history traits which leads to successful invasion and establishment outside native ranges. They are primarily benthic herbivores with ventrally positioned specialized mouths and robust bodies of bone-like plates. Loricariids graze on algae and detritus and can alter benthic habitats and water quality by modifying both substrate and vegetation, and resuspending sediments. Within the St. Johns River, armored sailfin catfish have several traits which may allow them a competitive advantage against native species. These include large oocytes, lower fecundity, multiple spawning events, and a higher level of parental care (e.g., nest building, substrate spawning). The benthic-dwelling and burrowing nature of these catfish also negatively impact both natural and man-made watershed features (e.g., riverbanks and levees). However, the degree of impact of armored sailfin catfish on the St. Johns River is unknown due to lack of data on population densities, distribution, and interspecific interactions. Armored sailfin catfish were targeted for removal from Upper Basin lakes via experimental haul seining starting in 2022. In haul seines conducted in 2022 and 2023, 13,820 lbs. of armored catfish were captured. Due to sampling difficulties however, not all fish were able to be removed. Loricariids higher bone mass increases their phosphorus content relative to other harvested fish, such as gizzard shad. Thus, their removal may offer greater water quality and habitat benefits. Further research regarding effective management strategies for controlling armored sailfin catfish populations is needed, particularly with regards to detection, population monitoring, and targeted removals. |
Evaluating restoration progress and subsequent benefits to estuarine fish communities in Tampa Bay
| Presenter: | Kerry Flaherty-Walia she/her |
| Institution: | Tampa Bay Estuary Program |
| Coauthors: | |
| Meagan Schrandt | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Kara Radabaugh | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Courtney Saari | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Damon Moore | Oyster River Ecology, Inc. Marcus Beck | Tampa Bay Estuary Program Ed Sherwood | Tampa Bay Estuary Program |
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| Abstract: | |
| Determining if overall ecosystem benefits are achieved for habitat restoration efforts is difficult, especially in the context of the ecological function of restored habitats. In estuaries with exceptional risk of climate change impacts, coastal development, and population growth, such as Tampa Bay, opportunities to conduct restoration activities are diminishing. Investments in large-scale restoration efforts are often allocated to land acquisition and on-the-ground restoration, while the funds and scope for monitoring the subsequent ecological function of these investments are often limited. Project-specific fisheries monitoring and retrospective analyses have demonstrated the benefits of habitat restoration for estuarine fish, but these results are not easily scalable to predict benefits at broader population levels. This overview will summarize fine- and broad-scale methods being used in Tampa Bay to evaluate 1) habitat restoration progress, 2) changes in critical coastal habitats, 3) habitat restoration projects specifically designed for fisheries benefit, and 4) the possibility of using long-term fisheries monitoring data to assess the health of fish populations relative to conservation, restoration, and hydrological management efforts. Restoration and fisheries monitoring are often independently conducted. Finding creative and adaptive ways of resolving the challenges of integrating data, issues of scale, and climate change effects is timely and pertinent, especially considering the recent influx of federal funds and urgency to complete large-scale restoration efforts. |
Assessing the risk of establishment of non-native Dreissena species mussels and their impacts in Florida
| Presenter: | Jonathan Freedman he/him/his |
| Institution: | CNSS / USGS |
| Coauthors: | |
| EM Dean | CNSS / USGS Wesley Daniel | USGS |
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| Abstract: | |
| Non-native Dreissenid mussels (Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, and Quagga mussels, D. bugensis) are established throughout much of the northeastern, midwestern, and southern parts of the United States. Modeling studies performed approximately 15 to 25 years ago were inconclusive on the risk of Dreissena mussels to Florida waters. However, despite their proximate establishment in nearby states and multiple pathways of spread, particularly recreational boating, Dreissena species have not become established in Florida since publication of those studies. We therefore use water quality variables (e.g. calcium concentration, alkalinity, pH, temperature) from existing databases (e.g. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s STOrage and RETrieval or STORET database) and published tolerances for Dreissena species to assess environmental conditions in Florida waters for the suitability of these species’ establishment. We examine these water quality variables at a range of spatial scales to determine whether the absence of Dreissena species mussels from Florida is likely due to inhospitable water conditions for mussel establishment, or whether other factors might play a role. Finally, we will review the possible impacts of Dreissena species mussel establishment in Florida on native ecosystems, biota, and infrastructure. |
The Role of Non-native Freshwater Fish Species in the Structure of Southwest Florida Waterways
| Presenter: | Bridgette Froeschke |
| Institution: | The University of Tampa |
| Coauthors: | |
| John Froeschke | Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council | |
| Abstract: | |
| Big Cypress National Preserve is a large management area that support an extensive freshwater fish fauna. This resource is affected by freshwater management strategies and other disturbances such as hurricanes. The Big Cypress ecosystem contains many non-native aquatic and terrestrial species. While some, such as pythons have clear negative ecosystem impacts, the role and influence on non-native fishes in the area is less known. In this project, we aimed to characterize the fish composition and movement of freshwater ecosystem to better understand the implications of non-native fish species on aquatic systems in southwest Florida. We sampled 22 sites in the Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida from March 2023 through January 2024 to examine species richness and composition of freshwater fishes at representative sites. The freshwater fish fauna included several species of non-native fishes and the aim of this study was to characterize the site-specific composition and movement of native and non-natives fishes in the region. Sampling was conducted using multiple gears including hook and line, small and large traps, and cast nets. Fishes captured with hook and line sampling were tagged with dart tags and released at the point of capture. To date, we have tagged 1,226 fish with a median of 10 per site, and a maximum of 361 tagged fish at one site. Thus far, 27 fish have been recaptured comprising 2.2% of all tagged fish. All recaptured fish were caught at the original site of capture except one that was recaptured within 1 km of the sampling location. The number of tagged fishes includes 780 native fishes composed of 11 species and 404 non-native fishes representing four species. This is an ongoing study but recapture data to date have only a single recaptured non-native animal suggesting that movement or mortality of non-native species is higher than native species at the sites sampled. |
Are Mangroves changing the Intertidal fish community? Baited Remote Underwater Cameras for Assessing Fish Communities
| Presenter: | Ethan Fuhrmeister * |
| Institution: | University of North Flordia |
| Coauthors: | |
| Kelly Smith | | |
| Abstract: | |
| Climate change is shifting coastal wetland vegetation in Northeast Florida from a salt marsh dominated system to regions of mangrove dominance. How these shifts impact fishes are of interest to recreational anglers as well as ecologists. Baited remote underwater videos (BRUVS) have often been used to survey reef communities for rapid ecological assessments. BRUVS studies have provided data relevant to species richness, diversity, and sustainable management. Using BRUVS to study nursery habitats would leave a minimal ecological footprint unlike current methods. Intercoastal waterway habitats have not been extensively studied. Currently there is a knowledge gap in how fisheries diversity and richness would be affected by the encroachment of mangroves onto saltmarsh due to fewer hard freezing events occurring. This study aims to approach the impact of mangrove encroachment on the local fisheries by looking at the species diversity and richness between mangrove and saltmarsh habitats near the Vilano Beach Intracoastal Waterway near St. Augustine, Florida. Results show that species diversity between saltmarsh and mangrove habitats are roughly equal, with some species preferring one habitat or the other. Mangrove habitats were found to have larger number of encounters when compared to saltmarsh habitats, the cause for this difference is unknown. Some published research points to the primary production of mangroves as a food source and/ or shelter. The data collected indicates a low species richness with the majority of the encounters being from two families (Fundulidae, and Gerreidae). |
Sharks of the GTM Estuary: Results from 14 years of shark abundance surveys conducted in the Tolomato River.
| Presenter: | James Gelsleichter |
| Institution: | University of North Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Bryanna Wargat | University of North Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| Because of their shallow and productive nature, estuaries often serve as critical habitat for young individuals of many ecologically, commercially, and recreationally important shark species. Due to this, it is important to characterize shark habitat use in suspected “shark nurseries” so that these habitats and the benefits that they provide to overall shark populations can be protected. As part of a larger, long-term study on shark population trends and nursery ground use in northeast Florida and southeast Georgia estuaries, the University of North Florida’s Shark Biology Program has examined shark habitat use in the Tolomato River, a component of the Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas (GTM) Estuary, since 2010 using bottom longline fishing and drumline fishing. The results of our now 14-year survey indicate that a minimum of 10 shark species inhabit waters of the GTM NERR, 5 of which comprise >95% of catch: the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon terranovae, finetooth shark Carcharhinus isodon, blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus, and sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus. Over 98% of individuals captured in the Tolomato River were juveniles, illustrating the importance of this site as a juvenile refuge. The identification of this site as a nursery for neonate scalloped hammerheads in particular is a novel finding, as past studies have reported preferential use of nearshore coastal areas as nursery habitat for this species rather than inshore areas. Shark habitat use in the GTM Estuary is seasonal, with abundance peaking in summer months. However, some species such as C. plumbeus may occur in the river as early as late winter-early spring. Catch rates have remained relatively stable over the duration of the survey. However, catch of C. plumbeus has increased in recent years, presumably reflecting an improving trend in abundance for this species. |
Snapper-Grouper Modeling for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management
| Presenter: | Lauren Gentry She/her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) |
| Coauthors: | |
| David Chagaris | University of Florida McEachron Luke | FWRI Allen Shanae | FWRI |
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| Abstract: | |
| Ecosystem-based fisheries management has been a priority of the South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council (SAFMC) since the development of their first Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model in 2001. A particular SAFMC focus is the snapper-grouper fishery, whose management is complicated by multi-species fisheries, a wide range of habitats, and slow-growing, long-lived fishes. Recently, concerns arose over the potential impacts of the increasingly rapid recovery of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) on other overlapping priority species. To address these concerns, the model team adapted the South Atlantic Ecosystem EwE Model to compare the indirect and direct ecosystem impacts of red snapper population growth using two future recovery scenarios. The results indicated that red snapper are unlikely to have a meaningful negative influence on other priority species even at the highest predicted red snapper biomass. These results were incorporated into fisheries management decisions by SAFMC and continue to be reviewed and referenced in management discussions. The success of this modeling effort led the Council to request the model team to develop a compact MICE version of the model with Ecospace capabilities. This South Atlantic Reef Fish (SARF) model will be used for scenario testing to explore potential drivers of the decline of black sea bass (Centropristis striata), another priority species. The SARF model represents the next stage of incorporating spatially explicit data into fisheries management and is currently in calibration. The results of this project and continuing EwE modeling efforts will further demonstrate the utility of this modeling tool in evaluating causes of fisheries declines, potentials for recovery, and ecosystem-based impacts of recovery. |
Estimating West Florida Gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) nursery origin with otolith stable isotopes
| Presenter: | Hannah Gottesman she/her * |
| Institution: | University of Florida Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| William Patterson III | University of Florida Ernst Peebles | University of South Florida Theodore Switzer | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Susan Lowerre-Barbieri | University of Florida, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
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| Abstract: | |
| Life cycle space use (i.e., animals’ spatial distribution across different life stages) is important for marine fishes because it affects their population-level resilience to stressors as well as their availability to capture and management reference points. West Florida Shelf Gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) undergo ontogenetic habitat shifts from estuarine nurseries to nearshore habitat then offshore spawning grounds. These shifts affect their vulnerability to heavy nearshore fishing in the Panhandle and Big Bend and their recruitment to offshore spawning populations. Gag ontogenetic shifts have been modeled at the whole-shelf scale but not the regional scale because sufficient tracking data were not available; however, otolith core chemistry may now be useful to estimate regional habitat connectivity across Gag life stages and fill this gap. We sampled inshore age-0, nearshore subadult (ages 1-3), and offshore adult (4-12) Gag in a long-term effort from 2009–2021 in order to test if the scale of Gag life cycle space use is regional with subadults and adults originating in their nearest nursery region. We applied a model developed from 2009–2012 age-0 otolith stable isotope ratios, and preliminary subadult regional origin estimates suggest Gag habitat connectivity is complex. Across year classes, subadults with estimated southern origin dispersed into northern nearshore waters, while subadults with estimated northern origin remained in the north. Ongoing analysis is focused on estimating the regional origin of adults at offshore spawning grounds to further clarify Gag habitat connectivity and life cycle space use over their full lifespan. |
Form Follows Function: Best Fisheries Monitoring Gear in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico
| Presenter: | Bob Heagey |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Abstract: | |
| Commercial fisheries in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico use a variety of passive and active gears developed to harvest targeted fishes. Commercial fishing gear, though time-tested and proven for harvesting, may not always be the best method for fisheries monitoring; however, it is certainly a valuable first step. This summary looks at scientific field applications of commercial fishing gears and identifies advantages and disadvantages for field research. Summarized catch data and information is also presented and explored to serve as a guide to selecting the best gear for the identified research objective. Despite the extensive testing and use of many commercial fishing gears, the resulting best gear for the research question(s) of Fisheries Independent Monitoring in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico turned out to be a novel surprise. |
Evaluating the effect of bait on Stereo-Baited Remote Underwater Video for potential biases in fish detection and abundance estimates
| Presenter: | Jessie Heise she/her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Fisheries-Independent Monitoring |
| Coauthors: | |
| Theodore Switzer | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Sean Keenan | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Fisheries-Independent Monitoring |
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| Abstract: | |
| Stereo-Baited Remote Underwater Video cameras (S-BRUVs) are used extensively worldwide, providing a non-extractive, permanent record that is used to assess reef fish populations. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute’s Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program has partnered with NOAA Fisheries to conduct annual standardized S-BRUV surveys in the Gulf of Mexico for the past fifteen years. While baiting the cameras is standard practice to draw fish closer for improved identification and measurement, the influence of bait on abundance estimation is poorly understood for most reef fishes common to the Gulf of Mexico. In 2022 and 2023, we investigated the influence of bait from a subset of sites by conducting consecutive baited and unbaited S-BRUV deployments following a randomized order. While data from 2023 are incomplete, data from 91 sites in 2022 were used to evaluate species detection and differences in abundance from multiple managed species. Preliminary findings indicate that species such as Red Grouper (Epinephelus morio), Gag (Mycteroperca microlepis), and Vermilion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) were more abundant on baited camera deployments while abundances of species such as Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) did not differ; order of gear deployment was not found to be important for most species. Further examination of species detection and abundance will guide interpretation of count data from S-BRUVs, especially in light of recent and ongoing efforts to estimate absolute abundance of several managed reef fishes. |
Chipola River Shoal Bass Stock Enhancement and Preliminary Evaluation
| Presenter: | Ryan Henry |
| Institution: | FWC |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andy Strickland | FWC Stephen Stang | FWC Chris Paxton | FWC Brandon Barthel | FWC Bryan Winston | FWC |
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| Abstract: | |
| Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae are listed as a species of greatest conservation need by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. The only known naturally reproducing population in Florida is found in the Chipola River. Hurricane Michael devastated the Chipola River in 2018 and several fish kills were documented in the immediate aftermath of the storm. Severe declines (91%) in Shoal Bass relative abundance were observed in 2019. In response, a supplemental hatchery stocking program was initiated. In May 2022, 3,300 Shoal Bass fingerlings were stocked in the Chipola River. In May 2023, 7,800 Shoal Bass fingerlings were stocked. The objectives of this study were to (1 determine the relative abundance of the Shoal Bass population, 2) determine the percent of stocked Shoal Bass in the 2022 and 2023-year classes, and 3) observe movement of stocked fish from the stocking location. A relative abundance monitoring survey and preliminary stocking evaluation took place in fall 2022 and fall 2023. All Shoal Bass were collected using boat-mounted DC electrofishing from Yancey Landing to Johnny Boy Landing. Fin clips were taken from all Age-0 Shoal Bass for genetic parentage analysis to determine if they were wild or stocked fish. Estimates of relative abundance suggest that the population is beginning to recover from Hurricane Michael. Genetic parentage analysis revealed that 65% (41 out of 63) of Age-0 fish sampled in fall 2022 were stocked fish. A total of 63% (43 out of 68) Age-0 fish sampled in fall 2023 were stocked fish. The stocked fish were found as far as 10-km downstream of the stocking locations. Stocked fish were also larger on average than the wild produced fish. These results indicate that stocking hatchery produced fingerling Shoal Bass in the Chipola River has the potential to contribute to the recovery of the population. |
Assessing King Mackerel Biomass in Gulf of Mexico: Insights for Conservation
| Presenter: | Megan Hessel * |
| Institution: | The University of Tampa |
| Coauthors: | |
| Evan Croker | The University of Tampa Bridgette Froeschke | The University of Tampa |
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| Abstract: | |
| Precise assessment of fish stock biomass is necessary for efficient management and the development of species-focused initiatives. Important highly migratory fish stocks in the Gulf of Mexico include King Mackerel, Spanish Mackerel, Cobia, Greater Amberjack, Mahi Mahi, Wahoo, African pompano, Sandbar Shark, Bull shark, and Blacktip shark. However, the data regarding these vital species is limited. This proposed project aimed to expand the knowledge on the size distribution of King Mackerel by examining the changes in size and spatial distribution from fishing tournaments throughout the Gulf of Mexico. To conduct this research, data was gathered from all King-Fish fishing tournaments across the Gulf of Mexico over time. Tournament results for King Mackerel were examined for changes in length and weight both spatially and temporally. The results allow us to understand, analyze, and document the changes in King Mackerel’s biomass and class size throughout the Gulf of Mexico as well as over time. Our findings benefit future conservation initiatives that involve the evaluation of fish stocks. Furthermore, the findings of this study not only shed light on the current state of King Mackerel populations but also provide valuable insights into the broader dynamics of fish stock distribution and abundance in the Gulf of Mexico. By elucidating the spatial and temporal variations in size and biomass, this research contributes crucial data for informed decision-making in fisheries management and conservation efforts. Lastly, the methodology employed in this study can serve as a model for assessing other highly migratory species, thereby enhancing our understanding of marine ecosystems and supporting sustainable resource management practice. |
Using Acoustic Telemetry to Understand How Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas Utilize a Nursery Habitat in Hillsborough Bay, Florida
| Presenter: | Brady Huber He/Him * |
| Institution: | Florida Southern College |
| Coauthors: | |
| Molly Kennedy | Florida Southern College Gabriel Langford | Florida Southern College Allison Durland-Donahou | Florida Southern College |
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| Abstract: | |
| Florida’s Tampa Bay area is a historically understudied estuarine environment that feeds into the greater Gulf of Mexico. Understanding how different elasmobranch species utilize this habitat will allow us to implement better conservation strategies. Through the use of spatial ecology research, we aim to gain a better understanding of the habitat usage, distribution, and population dynamics of elasmobranch species. Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas are the most abundant species captured. We have also captured Blacktip Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus, Bonnethead Sharks Sphyrna tiburo, Cownose Rays Rhinoptera bonasus, and Southern Stingrays Hypanus americanus. We deployed 7 receivers in Hillsborough Bay based on areas of high Bull Shark usage. From June 2021-July 2023 we tagged 33 neonate and juvenile Bull Sharks with acoustic transmitters. We determined Bull Shark habitat usage and migration patterns associated with age and size. Data obtained thus far indicates that neonates spend most of their time up river, whereas juveniles are more willing to venture out into the bay. This research is critical as it confirms nursery usage within the Alafia River, providing valuable life history information about Bull Sharks, and reinforcing the need for conservation in areas like Tampa Bay. |
Investigating Early Post-Settlement Rearing in the Long-Spined Sea Urchin Diadema antillarum, a Restoration Aquaculture Candidate
| Presenter: | Casey Hudspeth She/Her * |
| Institution: | School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of Florida/IFAS |
| Coauthors: | |
| Aaron Pilnick | School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS Alex Petrosino | The Florida Aquarium Center for Conservation Jessica Smith | School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS Maggie Dakin | School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS Joshua Patterson | School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Florida/IFAS |
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| Abstract: | |
| Prior to a mass mortality event in the 1980s, the sea urchin Diadema antillarum provided a vital role in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems as a keystone herbivore. Lack of natural population recovery is believed to be a primary stressor impacting reef growth and survival in this region. Since 2018, the Patterson Lab at the University of Florida has been developing methods to rear D. antillarum from gametes for population enhancement. Major aspects of this process have been resolved, including spawning, larval diet composition and quantity, initial larval stocking density, and juvenile settlement. However, uneven growth and mortality of newly settled juveniles highlight existing knowledge gaps. To understand and resolve this culture bottleneck, the nutritional requirements of early juvenile D. antillarum were investigated. Five different diets between two pilot studies, considered for nutritional value and ease of application, were examined for effect on survival and growth. Study (1) compared three diets: a mixed diet containing flocculated microalgae, a mixed diet containing the same two live microalgae, and naturally derived biofilm scrapings. Juveniles (< 1 mm initial test diameter) were monitored for three weeks. Study (2) compared two naturally derived biofilm diets extracted from separate recirculating aquaculture systems. Juveniles (~1 mm initial test diameter) were monitored for 6 weeks. Study (1) revealed low survival overall, and no significant difference between treatments in growth. Survival in study (2) was much improved overall. Juveniles fed biofilm 1 reached an end diameter significantly larger than those fed biofilm 2 . Utilizing these results, we plan to further investigate preference, efficacy, and feasibility of an early juvenile sea urchin diet for D. antillarum. This will enable the formation of a refined feeding protocol for this delicate ontogenetic stage. Such information can be used to improve aquaculture efforts for other urchin species, whether for restoration or food production. |
Assessment of Fish Spawning Aggregations in Southeast Florida: Residency and movement patterns of Gray Snapper off Southeast Florida
| Presenter: | Dayna Hunn |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Erick Ault | FWC FWRI Xaymara Serrano | NOAA CRCP Chris Taylor | NOAA NCCOS |
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| Abstract: | |
| Identifying and managing fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) is a top priority for fisheries and ecosystem management goals in southeast Florida. This project builds upon previous research assessing FSAs identifying species of interest, one of which being Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus). The purpose of this project is to examine residency and movement patterns in Gray Snapper suggestive of spawning aggregations by using an already established acoustic receiver array. We acoustically tagged 75 Gray Snapper between the months of April and July in 2022 and 2023 in pre-determined locations near acoustic receiver stations. Preliminary analysis revealed 63 of 75 individuals have been accounted for, with detections occurring across 21 acoustic receiver stations. On average, tagged individuals visited between one and three receiver stations with a range of movement varying between 0 and 17.64 km. Findings suggest a relationship between site fidelity, home range and the capture/release location. |
You Are What You Eat: Establishing Tapeworm Life Cycles in Juvenile Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas and Their Prey
| Presenter: | Molly Kennedy she/her * |
| Institution: | Florida Southern College |
| Coauthors: | |
| Allison Durland-Donhou | Florida Southern College Melanie Langford | Florida Southern College Gabriel Langford | Florida Southern College |
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| Abstract: | |
| Predator-prey interactions are challenging to identify in aquatic ecosystems because marine environments are less hospitable for sampling equipment and thus less accessible. Studying parasites found in various different hosts within marine ecosystems can overcome these challenges because the nature of parasitic life cycles allows ecologists to observe trophic relationships by identifying the hosts a parasite uses throughout its lifetime. New technology allows for more accurate morphological and genomic comparison of the genera and species of parasitic tapeworms in aquatic environments, including the historically understudied Tampa Bay. A variety of parasites, including tapeworms are known to be hosted by Bull Sharks Carcharhinus leucas that reside in Tampa Bay from pupping to juvenile age classes. Previous studies have identified two genera of adult tapeworms in Bull Sharks: Cathetocephalus and Paraorygmatobothrium. However, these cestodes have not been identified to the species level. Tapeworms can aid in confirming a predator-prey link by showing that the same species of cestodes occur in both predator and prey as adults and larvae, respectively. It is hypothesized that these sharks are preying upon the Hardhead Catfish Ariopsis felis and Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus. This study aims to confirm the intermediate and final hosts of Cathetocephalus and Paraorygmatobothrium by analyzing the genome of both the adult and larvae. It is important to understand the life cycles of parasites within apex predators, such as the Bull Shark, in order to better map the characteristics of a healthy nursery ecosystem. |
Metazoan endoparasites of king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) as possible biological tags
| Presenter: | Charles Klingler he/him * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| David Kerstetter | major advisor Christopher Blanar | co-advisor |
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| Abstract: | |
| The scombrid king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) is a commercially-important epipelagic teleost distributed in subtropical and tropical waters in the western Atlantic Ocean. Two U.S. mainland stocks are currently recognized for federal management purposes: a Gulf of Mexico stock and a South Atlantic stock, with some mixing in southeast Florida and the Florida Keys. Previous research has demonstrated significant differences in parasite communities between different fish populations, making parasites potentially useful as biological tags for the purposes of mapping population movements and distribution. This study examines the endoparasites of king mackerel to assess the differences in the parasite communities between these two mainland stocks. Host fish specimens were donated by fishing tournaments targeting king mackerel, with specimens dissected in the lab to collect and identify parasites. Parasites from the Phyla Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Arthropoda have been recovered to date from these king mackerel specimens (Gulf of Mexico, n = 78; Atlantic, n = 45; South Florida, n = 49), with Classes Cestoda, Digenea, Monogenea and Anisakidae being especially prominent. Initial results suggest that there are community differences between the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico regions. |
An Update on Creating Fish Bypass Structure on the Apalachicola River Around Jim Woodruff Dam
| Presenter: | John Knight |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jim Williams | Florida Museum of Natural History | |
| Abstract: | |
| Jim Woodruff Dam was built on the Apalachicola River just below the junction of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers. Construction began in the late 1940s and was completed in 1957. Completion of Jim Woodruff Dam has effectively blocked upstream migration of the federally threatened Gulf Sturgeon, federally petitioned Alabama Shad, and other diadromous and resident fishes for the past 65 years. Historically there has been a process involving lock manipulation to facilitate passage of the anadromous Alabama Shad, no effort targeting Gulf Sturgeon has been attempted. Today this locking process is virtually non-existent. The configuration of Jim Woodruff Dam, the downstream river channel, and adjacent floodplain along the west bank, provide a near ideal situation for construction of a fish passage facility capable of passing all species of fishes. A fish passage structure would open access to more than 100 miles of prime riverine spawning habitat plus additional miles of tributary habitat. A working group has now been formed to address fish passage on the Apalachicola River at Jim Woodruff dam. This group is comprised of state and federal agencies, along with several non-government organizations. The goal for this group is to determine the feasibility of this project and create a pathway for construction of this fish passage structure. Creation of this structure would benefit management and recovery efforts for state and federally listed/petitioned fishes (e.g., Gulf Sturgeon and Alabama Shad) and mussels as well as enhance the existing sport fishery for Shoal Bass and Gulf Striped Bass |
Assessment Of Thermal Preferences and Critical Temperature Tolerance Polygons On Mangrove Fishes and Invertebrates From South Florida
| Presenter: | Jailynn Konkler * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Ariel Velligan | Nova Southeastern University Erin Cowan | Nova Southeastern University Dani Dowgiallo | Nova Southeastern University David Kerstetter | Nova Southeastern University |
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| Abstract: | |
| Mangroves serve as important nursery habitats for several species of subtropical fishes and invertebrates. Southeastern Florida mangrove environments have experienced an increasing frequency of strong hot and cold weather front systems, but little information is known about the temperature thresholds for mangrove-associated prey species that lethally disrupts homeostasis. To assess the vulnerability of mangrove-associated prey species to these short-duration temperature fluctuations, critical thermal methodology (CTM) was used to determine thermal tolerances for two fishes and two invertebrates, using loss of equilibrium (LOE) as the endpoint to determine CTmax and CTmin values as a survivable proxy for death. Physiological tolerances were determined for locally captured specimens at five different acclimation temperatures (10, 15, 20, 30, and 35 °C). Through the construction of thermal tolerance polygons, a graphical outline of the lower and upper thermal avoidance temperatures can represent the thermal ranges of these four test species. The thermal tolerance polygons broadly showed a strong correlation between CTM and acclimation temperature (~5°C), but not by individual animal size. The CTM polygons of squareback marsh crab (30.1°C) and grass shrimp (25.55°C) are slightly larger than those of Eastern Mosquitofish (25.22°C) and Gulf Killifish (22.83°C). Invertebrates were also able to withstand a broader temperature spike, compared to the fishes that could handle colder temperatures. As global temperatures continue to change at an increasing pace, CTM-derived polygons can provide vital information on the range of temperature tolerance for mangrove-associated organisms. |
Evaluating six years of fixed station sampling in Gulf reef fish surveys: Habitat dynamics and lessons learned
| Presenter: | Kelly Krause |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife- Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program |
| Coauthors: | |
| Sean Keenan | Florida Fish and Wildlife, Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program Ted Switzer | Florida Fish and Wildlife, Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program Mandy Tyler-Jedulund | Florida Fish and Wildlife, Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program Heather Christiansen | Florida Fish and Wildlife, Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program Justin Lewis | Florida Fish and Wildlife, Fisheries Independent Monitoring Program |
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| Abstract: | |
| Offshore reef surveys utilize underwater cameras to assess reef fish populations in the Gulf of Mexico. These surveys include deployment of Stereo- Baited Remote Underwater Video systems at random sites from Texas to Southern Florida. Historically, three groups (Florida FWC, NMFS – Mississippi, NMFS – Panama City) have operated video surveys following slightly different survey designs, making it challenging to combine species abundance data for stock assessments. To standardize the surveys across the Gulf, a comprehensive analysis of the surveys was completed to formulate a unified survey design: the Gulf Fishery Independent Survey of Habitat and Ecosystem Resources (G-FISHER) program. While the majority of selected sites continue to be random, a key component in this new survey was to identify fixed stations that were sampled in years prior and to continue sampling them yearly. The purpose of fixed stations is to examine population trends from the historic sampling design in comparison to the new combined effort. The objectives of this study were to 1) examine 6 years of sampling on selected fixed sites, 2) depict habitat trends over the multiple years of sampling and 3) examine occurrence of selected species over time. While sampling every site yearly was optimal, issues related to the COVID pandemic, vessel availability and weather conditions affected the amount of sites completed. While fixed stations contribute to a small proportion of sites, they continue to be an important component of Gulf-wide sampling efforts. |
Evaluating common skeletal deformities of aquacultured Amphiprion ocellaris utilizing methods of diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography
| Presenter: | Brittney Lacy She/Her * |
| Institution: | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab |
| Coauthors: | |
| Casey Murray | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab Jaimi Gray | The Florida Museum Department of Natural History Matthew DiMaggio | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Ocellaris Clownfish are a highly valuable species within ornamental aquaculture. Although this species has been aquacultured for over 30 years, there are many research gaps into their biology and ideal culture practices for these animals. Valued for their aesthetics, these fish are often a major source of income for marine ornamental farms in Florida and worldwide. Unfortunately, accidental production of unmarketable fish causes a loss of income for the farms who produce them. One source of this is the prevalence of undesirable deformities of aquaculture-reared individuals. Skeletal deformities present themselves as one of the most prevalent types of deformities among many aquaculture-reared species, including clownfish. Deformities of this type have rarely been categorized through scientific techniques and there are large knowledge gaps in the processes influencing their development. This study aims to characterize common deformities witnessed within clownfish aquaculture through diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (or dice-CT). Initial scans have been made without staining, and future stained scans will allow for the 3D visualization of both skeleton and soft tissues for future morphometric measurements. The goals of this study will be to determine the normal skeletal morphology of Ocellaris Clownfish and use this baseline to describe the detrimental deformities observed within this species. Additionally, individuals exhibiting desirable deformities, such as the stubby Ocellaris Clownfish will also be analyzed to determine causative factors, hopefully allowing for more precise manipulation of this species’ physical traits. |
Refining commercial culture practices of Amphiprion ocellaris: effects of different commercially available microalgae pastes on larval survival and growth
| Presenter: | Brittney Lacy She/Her * |
| Institution: | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab |
| Coauthors: | |
| Casey Murray | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab Olivia Markham | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab Maribeth Eslava | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab Travis Knorr | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab Matthew DiMaggio | University of Florida Tropical Aquaculture Lab |
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| Abstract: | |
| Ocellaris clownfish are highly valued and sought after marine ornamental fish, important to the global aquarium trade and to Florida aquaculture alike. This fish is an important commodity in the trade and major contributor to the profits of ornamental fish farms in Florida. Due to its popularity, there is a vested interest in researching methods to improve culture practices to increase profitability and decreases losses due to mortality and the inadvertent production of unmarketable fish. One popular culture method within ornamental marine aquaculture is the use of “green-water” culture. This culture method entails the introduction of microalgae to the larval rearing tank in order to color the water, presumably increasing contrast and prey visualization, as well as providing a continuous source of enrichment to live-feeds. Unfortunately, live microalgae is difficult and expensive to produce and as a result many ornamental producers rely on commercially available concentrated algae pastes. In this study, clownfish larvae were reared for ten days using three different algae pastes containing Tisochrysis sp.(T1) or Nannochloropsis sp. (T2 and T3), to determine which widely-available product yields the highest survival and best growth compared against a no-algae control. Of these, T3 produced significantly higher survival than other treatments, and thus was selected for further analysis. Currently, this algae (T3) is being utilized in a further study to determine the density of algae at which green-water culture of Ocellaris Clownfish larvae produced the greatest proportion of survival and highest growth. These findings demonstrate that of the products tested, both T2 and T3 (containing Nannochlorpsis sp.) demonstrated higher survival when compared with both T1 (containing Tisochrysis sp.) and no algae controls. These results could help to advise industry on green-water culture protocols that improve survival of larval fishes and translate to greater profitability of Ocellaris Clownfish aquaculture. |
A Preliminary Analysis of Mercury in Fishes in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas Estuary
| Presenter: | Morgan Lattomus she/her * |
| Institution: | University of North Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jim Gelsleichter | University of North Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| The Guana Tolomato Matanzas Estuary (GTM) provides essential habitat to several ecologically and economically important species, including serving as nursery habitat to a variety of fish species. Spanning the Northeastern Florida coast, it hosts over 50 endangered or threatened species and is targeted for several habitat restoration projects due to the GTM Estuary’s ecological significance. As a result of the extensive efforts to protect its natural beauty and biodiversity, it also serves as a highly valued location for recreational fishing. Due to this and its proximity to developed areas along the coast, it can be threatened by human influences, such as pollution. While the negative effects of human interaction with the environment are on the rise in the public forum, the effect of this in the GTM Estuary has not been well studied. Therefore, the overall purpose of this project is to examine pollutant exposure in species residing within the GTM Estuary, specifically that of mercury (Hg) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This study focused on the levels of the toxic metal mercury in fishes, which has been shown to accumulate in marine taxa and poses risks to both marine populations, as well as human seafood consumers. The levels in a variety of fish species, including red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), scalloped hammerheads (Sphyrna lewini), and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) were studied and compared to the guidelines set by the EPA (0.3 mg/kg of wet-weight) and the FDA (1 mg/kg of wet-weight). |
The Lobster Mini Season Survey: Learning About A Special Fishery
| Presenter: | May Lehmensiek she/her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andrew Mallinak | FWC | |
| Abstract: | |
| Mini season, the special two-day season that allows recreational harvest of lobster a few days before the beginning of the regular lobster season, attracts tens of thousands of visitors from Florida and out-of-state to the Florida Keys, with harvests typically comprising a significant portion of total recreational lobstering effort in the state. Despite the high participation by resource users and significant contribution to harvest, little is known about who participates in mini season, why and how they participate, and how satisfied they are with the experience. To explore these questions, we surveyed 418 recreational lobster harvesters during the 2023 mini season in the Florida Keys. Survey participants were intercepted at a variety of locations (boat ramps, sporting goods stores, bars/restaurants, etc.) throughout the Keys . Surveyors randomly selected potential survey participants , only conducting the survey if the individual was participating in mini season. The survey consisted of four sections: 1) history with mini season and specifics of the current visit, 2) lobster catch and current trip satisfaction, 3) lobstering motivations, and 4) demographics. In this presentation, we will share what we have learned about mini season participants: who they are and how they participate, what motivates their mini season lobstering, and what factors contribute to their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a lobstering trip. Our results allow us to not only better understand this group of resource users, but also explore how motivations to fish may compare between participants in this unique fishery and those that have been identified in other recreational fisheries systems. |
Habitat renovation on Karick Lake
| Presenter: | Summer Lindelien |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Matthew Wegener | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Paul Schueller | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| The Florida Panhandle offers an array of fishing opportunities for both fresh and saltwater anglers. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission conducts research and management on lakes called Commission Managed Impoundments. These water bodies were fertilized historically, but new management techniques are necessary. We chose drawdown and habitat renovation as new management applications for Karick Lake. We collected Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans and evaluated their abundance, size structure, condition, age, and growth. To assess age and growth, we removed, sectioned, and aged the third dorsal spine. We estimated the back-calculated length at age to determine growth increments (mm) for each year class before and after renovation. We used mixed-effects linear regression to test for differences in growth between pre- and post-renovation years. We found a significant difference in growth between pre- and post-renovation groups with higher growth occurring in the pre-renovation group. Mean pre-renovation growth was 91.4 mm/year, while post-renovation growth was 77.0 mm/year. Individuals born post-renovation exhibited slower growth relative to pre renovation. Although adding habitat can concentrate fish and provide areas for spawning, and complete-drawdowns can increase growth for shorter durations, as a management technique, fertilization would seem to still be the best option. |
Diet and trophic ecology of Atlantic Goliath Grouper off the coasts of Florida
| Presenter: | Chris Malinowski he/him |
| Institution: | Ocean First Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Christopher Koenig | Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory Jessica Cusick | Utah Valley University, Department of Biology Robert Ellis | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Ryan McKenzie | Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory Orian Tzadik | University of South Florida Felicia Coleman | Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory |
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| Abstract: | |
| Abstract: We conducted the most comprehensive diet and tropic ecology study to-date on Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara in the coastal waters of Florida, USA. From 2010 to 2015 we collected stomach content (Njuv = 190, Nadult = 432) for diet analysis, and we also collected tissue (muscle and liver) and dominant prey items for bulk stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) analyses. Our results indicate that both juvenile and adult Goliath Grouper are mid- to upper-trophic level predators, primarily feeding on bottom-associated prey and small pelagic schooling fishes. We also observed an ontogenetic diet shift as fish emigrated from mangrove habitat as juveniles to offshore reef habitat as adults. The diet of juveniles consisted primarily of decapod crabs and other invertebrates (72.9 %MN, where MN = mean % by number; 75.2 %MW, where MW= mean % by weight), whereas the diet of adults consisted of a higher percentage of fishes (61% MN, 60.1 %MW). These ontogenetic diet and habitat shifts were reflected in enriched δ13C, δ15N, δ34S isotopic signatures in muscle and liver tissue. Diet and isotopic (δ13C, δ34S) differences also occurred between adult males and females. Spatially, the diet of adults was similar between the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and the Atlantic Ocean; however, isotopic values in their tissues and prey generally differed between coasts (15N, δ13C: Atlantic > GOM; δ34S: GOM > Atlantic) – indicating differences in regional environmental conditions rather than in prey composition. Temporally, the diet of adults differed across years, months, and lunar phases; whereas δ34S differed across months (May-October). |
Fishery Response to Improving Habitat and Water Quality on Lakes Dora and Beauclair
| Presenter: | Andrew Marbury |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Abstract: | |
| Similar to other Harris Chain lakes, Lakes Dora and Beauclair were historically algae-dominated, hypereutrophic systems with limited habitat and low volume of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV). While supporting a limited Largemouth Bass fishery, this environment was capable of producing booming Black Crappie year-classes. Over time, however, efforts to restore and revitalize the Harris Chain produced wide-ranging effects, leading to lake balance shifts in many of the lakes. In particular, nutrient reduction projects in and around Lake Apopka led to drastic changes in water quality immediately downstream on lakes Beauclair and Dora. Associated with decreasing nutrients came increased water clarity and extensive aquatic plant growth. Higher levels of SAV enabled Largemouth Bass recruitment to increase, and coupled with an abundance of forage and habitat, the bass fishery was revitalized. In recent years, angler creel surveys have indicated a drastic shift in proportion of species directed effort from Black Crappie to Largemouth Bass. In 2023, bass-directed effort on Lakes Beauclair and Dora (39,943 hours) was more than that of Lake Griffin (27,751 hours), a state-renowned bass fishery almost twice the size of these two lakes. While crappie effort has waned in recent years, success rate for both bass and crappie anglers in 2023 was also the highest ever recorded, revealing that while restoration has likely played a significant role in changing the fishery dynamics, these lakes are still more than capable of providing a good day of fishing regardless of targeted species. |
Larval Development of Dascyllus auripinnis and Effects of Feed Attractants on Survival, Growth, and Feeding Incidence
| Presenter: | Olivia Markham she/her/hers * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Casey A. Murray | University of Florida Maribeth R. Eslava | University of Florida Matthew A. DiMaggio | University of Florida |
|
| Abstract: | |
| The golden domino damselfish was successfully raised at the Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory in June of 2023. A spawn of approximately 10,000 embryos were hatched into a 144 L glass aquarium. Live Nannochloropsis oculata was used as greenwater and larvae were fed enriched rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) twice daily beginning at 3 days post-hatch (DPH). A total of seventeen fish were settled as juveniles with a resulting survival rate of approximately 0.0017%. Metamorphosis of larvae occurred at 42 DPH and was identified by complete pigmentation alongside a change in behavior and association with provided substrate. Commercialization of ornamental aquaculture species is limited by mass larval mortality in early larval stages due to poor feeding success and insufficient larval nutrition. The addition of feed attractants is theorized to increase feed consumption by promoting the hormones responsible for appetite, leading to better feeding success, and thus improving survival and growth. To assess the effect of feed attractants on ingestion, D. auripinnis larvae were used in a series of initial experiments testing survival, feeding incidence, and growth between three feed attractants: L-tryptophan, betaine, and L-alanine. The initial experiments compared the survival of 3 DPH larvae after exposure to different dosages of each feed attractant. Those experiments determined the dosages of each feed attractant used in the final 5 DPH comparison trial. This comparison experiment resulted in significantly higher survival in the 10-6 M alanine treatment and in the control, with no differences in feeding incidence or growth. The addition of L-alanine is a future consideration for the commercial rearing protocols of D. auripinnis. |
Improving Survival, Growth, and Feeding Incidence of Larval Neocirrhites armatus through Environmental Manipulation
| Presenter: | Olivia Markham she/her/hers * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Casey A. Murray | University of Florida Brandon C. Ray | University of Florida Maribeth R. Eslava | University of Florida Sarah W. Hutchins | University of Florida Matthew A. DiMaggio | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| The flame hawkfish (Neocirrhites armatus) is a marine ornamental fish popular in the aquarium trade due to its bright coloration, small size, and behavior. Unreliable broodstock spawning and undefined larviculture protocols limit captive rearing. Fertilized embryos yield altricial larvae lacking functional eyes, mouth, and digestive tract, and are thus dependent on endogenous yolk reserves until first feeding. The transition stage from endogenous to exogenous feeding is defined by mass larval mortality due in part to lack of appropriate nutrition. Mortality can be reduced through manipulations of environmental conditions that increase prey capture and promote growth and survival. These conditions are species-specific, and development of such protocols will facilitate culture efforts and promote commercialization of the flame hawkfish.
Initial larval rearing experiments with N. armatus evaluated the effects of algae density, algae species, copepod species, copepod density, and prey type on the survival, growth, and feeding incidence from 0 – 5 days post hatch (DPH). The greatest survival and feeding incidence for algal density was 150,000 cells mL-1 of Tisochrysis lutea. The comparison of algal species showed a significant increase in survival using Nannochloropsis oculata over T. lutea. Larvae fed on Parvocalanus crassirostris showed no differences in survival or feeding incidence over those fed Oithona colcarva. Using these results, rotifers were introduced at first feeding to compare alongside copepods as a 50/50 mix. This experiment indicated that larvae are inefficient at consuming rotifers at first feeding, resulting in the highest survival and feeding incidence in the copepod only treatment. The prey density experiment compared densities ranging from 1.25 – 5.0 nauplii/mL per day. While initial feeding incidence was significantly greater in the 5.0 copepods mL-1 treatment, there was significantly higher survival in the 1.25 and 2.5 copepods mL-1 treatments, with significantly greater growth in the 2.5 and 5.0 copepods mL-1 treatments. The development of early larviculture protocols for N. armatus will provide critical information necessary for commercialization of this species. |
Suwannee Lake Renovation
| Presenter: | Allen Martin |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife |
| Abstract: | |
| Suwannee Lake is a 63 acre impoundment located in north Florida. The lake was built in 1967 and is currently managed as a Fish Management Area. The lake was historically a good fishery, and it had a reputation for producing some very big Largemouth Bass. However, over time the habitat degraded to the point that much of the lake bottom was covered in muck and there was very little quality habitat in the lake. As a result, the fish population was depressed, and few people fished the lake. From fall 2013 to spring 2016, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission conducted a major renovation of Suwannee Lake. The lake was dewatered, muck was removed, bottom features were added, vegetation was planted, fish were stocked, and bank access was expanded and improved. Two years after reopening, the fish population was going strong and people are fishing the lake again. The Largemouth Bass population exhibited very fast growth rates and increased numbers. Several Largemouth Bass over eight pounds were sampled following the renovation. Two years post-renovation, an average of 50 people per week are fishing from the piers with another 25-30 per week fishing from boats on this small rural lake. The fishery at Suwannee Lake has continued to change over the past 8 years and the lake is currently being managed to be a trophy bass fishery. |
The Florida Trophy Bass Project
| Presenter: | Allen Martin |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jason Dotson | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Drew Dutterer | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| The Florida Trophy Bass Project is a new Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) initiative with a directed focus on trophy bass. Through trophy bass management, research, documentation, and promotion, the main goal of the Florida Trophy Bass Project is to ensure Florida is the Trophy Bass Capital of the World. Florida is the home of Florida Largemouth Bass, which are known to grow to trophy size. Due to the presence of quality habitat, Florida Largemouth Bass genetics, and a long growing season, thousands of trophy-sized bass are caught in Florida each year. Even though management of Florida’s resources has not traditionally focused on trophy bass, FWC’s TrophyCatch program documented the catch and release of almost 15,000 bass over eight pounds during its first 11 seasons, including 143 Hall of Fame fish weighing over 13 lbs!
The Florida Trophy Bass Project focuses on managing certain resources specifically for trophy Florida Largemouth Bass, better documenting trophy bass catches through TrophyCatch and other means, and promoting those catches, and the resources that produced them, throughout Florida and the rest of the country. Through the Florida Trophy Bass Project, not only should the number of trophy bass being caught in Florida be better documented and celebrated, but projects are underway at certain resources to focus management on the production of trophy bass. This presentation will provide an overview of the Florida Trophy Bass Project and current management efforts by FWC to grow more trophy bass. |
Revitalizing Black Crappie Populations in Tenoroc: An Assessment of Stock Enhancement
| Presenter: | Logan Masterson |
| Institution: | Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) |
| Coauthors: | |
| Ted Lange | FWC | |
| Abstract: | |
| Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus are an essential part of the fresh-water fishery in Florida with 16% of anglers targeting them. The harvest-oriented fisheries’ recruitment can be highly variable among years, resulting in loss of year classes. Tenoroc Public Use Area has 29 lakes ranging in size from 2-98 ha which historically supported excellent Crappie fisheries. However, creel data suggest a consistent decline in anglers, effort, and harvest over the past decade likely driven by declines in Crappie abundances. With the aim to enhance the Crappie fishery in Tenoroc and inform planned supplemental stocking one year of water quality and invertebrate forage monitoring was conducted over three unreclaimed and three reclaimed pits ranging from 10-36 ha. Reclaimed lakes were found to have warmer water temperatures, more dissolved oxygen, less instances of hypoxia, higher productivity, and higher zooplankton densities on average than unreclaimed lakes. During February 2020, three pits were stocked with Crappie fingerlings previously batch marked with oxytetracycline (OTC) to mark otoliths for future identification as stocked fish. Stocking rates ranged from 555-850 Crappie/ha and 72-hr post stocking mortality ranged from <1% to 16% among lakes. OTC marks in hatchery-maintained fish were non-detectable limiting our ability to assess future contributions of these enhancements to the fishery. In December 2023, 300 Crappie from the St Johns River and Lake Griffin were distributed in three one-acre ponds at the Welaka National Fish Hatchery to serve as brood fish for continued stock enhancements in Tenoroc. Given the lack of success utilizing OTC microsatellite based genetic co-parentage analysis will be used to identify hatchery released Crappie. Our objectives are to stock six Tenoroc lakes across a gradient of lake trophic states, estimate post stocking mortality, and estimate recruitment to the fishery using co-parentage analysis. |
Juvenile mutton snapper movement and habitat usage within the Lake Worth Lagoon
| Presenter: | Brent McKenna * |
| Institution: | Florida Atlantic University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Erick Ault | FWC FWRI Sarah Webb | South Florida Water Management District Jenny Beaz | Palm Beach County – Environmental Resource Management Mayra Ashton | Palm Beach County – Environmental Resource Management Tom Twyford | West Palm Beach Fishing Club John Baldwin | Florida Atlantic University |
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| Abstract: | |
| The mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) is a medium sized snapper distributed in the temperate and tropical waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean from New England to Brazil. As juveniles, this species is predominantly found in coastal habitat associated with structure. Movement patterns of this life stage remain largely unexplored, but, like many snapper, this species is thought to leave its nursery systems in an ontogenetic shift to offshore reef habitats. A study published in 2022 found the population to be 100% at risk of undergoing overfishing despite the most recent population assessment (conducted in 2015) finding no overfishing to have occurred. Such contradiction has highlighted the need for precise information on this species. This study aims to identify the habitat usage and movement patterns of subadult mutton snapper in the Lake Worth Lagoon (a nursery habitat). Here, acoustic telemetry data was paired with environmental data and habitat mapping to understand how movement and habitat use shift with changing environmental parameters. The goal of this study is to provide a more precise picture of the movement patterns of juvenile mutton snapper. |
Preliminary assessment of habitat suitability and microhabitat use of imperiled Bluenose Shiners in Florida rivers
| Presenter: | Kyle A. Miller * |
| Institution: | 1 2 3 |
| Coauthors: | |
| Earl Lundy | 3 Chelsea Myles-McBurney | 1,2,3 Dr. Andrew K. Carlson | 1,2 |
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| Abstract: | |
| The Bluenose Shiner (Pternotropis welaka) is an imperiled cyprinid with a precarious, disjointed range in Florida. Populations are concentrated in select rivers of the panhandle (Apalachicola, Escambia, and Yellow river drainages) and 200 miles away in the St. Johns River watershed. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, we are evaluating empirical fish-sampling and habitat data to validate and improve a Bluenose Shiner habitat suitability index (HSI) that initially relied on expert opinions to assess habitat suitability criteria. Second, we are modeling the linear and nonlinear relationships between microhabitat variables (e.g., water depth, water velocity, substrate type, cover), environmental parameters (e.g., specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH), and Bluenose Shiner occurrence and relative abundance to develop strategies for conserving Bluenose Shiners and their habitats. Ongoing fieldwork involves extensive electrofishing surveys encompassing a wide range of water depths, velocities, substrate types, and cover types across sites in the St. Johns, Apalachicola, Escambia, and Yellow river drainages. Availability of various microhabitats and their use by Bluenose Shiners will be compared between Bluenose Shiner populations in the Florida panhandle and peninsula. Integrating HSI information into flow-analysis models holds promise for developing water management strategies to minimize the effects of perturbations (e.g., water releases and withdrawals) on Bluenose Shiner populations. By incorporating these insights into management practices, resource managers and other stakeholders can help mitigate the potential effects of anthropogenic activities on Bluenose Shiners and their habitats, thereby enhancing conservation efforts and promoting the long-term resilience of this imperiled species.
Affiliations |
Age, Growth, and Functional Gonochorism with a Twist of Diandric Protogyny in Goliath Grouper from the Atlantic Coast of Florida
| Presenter: | Debra Murie she/her |
| Institution: | School of Forest Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Daryl Parkyn | University of Florida Christopher Koenig | Florida State University Felicia Coleman | Florida State University Christopher Malinowski | Ocean First Institute Jessica Cusick | Utah Valley University Robert Ellis | FWC Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
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| Abstract: | |
| The lack of data on the age, growth, and reproduction of the Atlantic Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara off the coasts of Florida (USA) makes it difficult to estimate the extent of their population recovery following the 1990 fishery closure, as well as the potential effects of the recent (2023) opening of a fishery for juveniles. Goliath Grouper from the Atlantic coast of Florida were non-lethally sampled for size (total length, TL), age (via fin rays), and sex and reproductive stage (via gonad biopsies, milt/egg expression, gonopores) from May to October 2010–2016. Of 653 unique fish captured (not including 118 recaptures), 257 (39.4%) were females (122–228 cm TL; 5–20 years old), 264 (40.0%) were males (104–225 cm TL; 4–22 years old), 100 (15.3%) were unsexed (82–211 cm TL; 3–15 years old), and 32 (4.9%) were protogynous hermaphrodites (108–209 cm TL; 5–20 years old). Protogyny was conclusively determined in two fish recaptured and re-biopsied that had transitioned from female to male. However, an overlap in the age and size of males and females, a 1:1 sex ratio, and the presence of relatively small, young, mature males, in combination with an apparently low functional sex change rate, all indicated that the sexual pattern of Goliath Grouper was functionally gonochoristic with the potential for diandric protogyny. Females > 10 years old were larger-at-age than males, and Goliath Grouper from the Atlantic coast were larger-at-age than fish from the Gulf of Mexico. These differences in age, growth, and reproductive strategy—as well as the nascent fishery for juveniles—need to be monitored closely so that the current and future reproductive capacity of the population continues to ensure growth and sustainability |
Improving larval feeding protocols of clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) using digestive physiology
| Presenter: | Casey Murray she/her |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Brittney Lacy | University of Florida Olivia Markham | University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) are some of the most popular fish in the marine ornamental aquarium industry and have recently emerged as an important model organism for ecology and evolution research. Although clownfish have been in commercial culture for decades, bottlenecks during larviculture continue to affect survival and quality of juvenile fish. Additionally, clownfish larviculture is heavily reliant on live feeds, such as rotifers and Artemia nauplii, which increases the complexity and cost of raising this species. We utilized the digestive physiology of A. ocellaris to inform subsequent weaning and dietetics experiments to improve larviculture protocols. We previously examined A. ocellaris larval digestive physiology from 0-15 days post-hatch (DPH) and found that the digestive tract of A. ocellaris matures around 7 DPH, indicated by the presence of a functional stomach. First, larvae were weaned from rotifers to Artemia nauplii at three time points (3, 5, and 7 DPH) during a 15-day trial. This trial found that larvae can be transitioned to Artemia nauplii as early as 5 DPH. A second 25-day weaning trial aimed to transition larvae from live feeds to a commercial microdiet (MD) as early as possible. Digestive ontogeny data were used to introduce MD at three time points surrounding stomach development (5, 8, and 11 DPH). Larval survival was greatest when MD was introduced at 5 DPH, therefore A. ocellaris larviculture may not require the use of Artemia nauplii prior to MD introduction. Finally, a 30-day dietetics trial tested the effects of three commercially available MDs on juvenile survival, growth, and HSB color values. Although growth and survival did not differ, Top-Dressed Otohime, the clownfish industry standard MD, produced juveniles with the most red-orange shifted hue values and highest color saturation. Overall, these data will help inform more cost-efficient and streamlined larval culture protocols for A. ocellaris. |
Digestive physiology and histochemistry of an ornamental wrasse (Halichoeres melanurus) during early life history
| Presenter: | Casey Murray she/her |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Grace Sowaske | University of Florida Sarah Hutchins | University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| Marine ornamental aquaculture often relies on the production of costly live feeds, can pose a constraint to the growth of the industry. Introducing microdiets during larval development may help reduce the amount of live feeds needed and therefore greatly reduce the cost and labor involved. However, the digestive tract of marine larvae is rudimentary in early stages, making the digestion and assimilation of microdiets difficult. A 25-day trial was conducted to characterize the digestive tract ontogeny of Halichoeres melanurus, an ornamental wrasse species not yet commercially cultured, to give insight into potential feeding and weaning protocols. Larval H. melanurus were raised on live feeds, including Parvocalanus crassirostris copepods, Brachionus plicatilis rotifers, and Artemia sp. nauplii from 3 to 25 days post-hatch (DPH). Larvae (n=10 per time point) were sampled 12 times throughout the trial to analyze growth, digestive enzyme activity, and digestive tract development. The activities of lipase and trypsin were quantified using standard microplate assays. Histology was used to visualize morphological changes in the digestive system at each sampling time point. Trypsin and lipase activities were detectable from 3 DPH and increased more dramatically after 15 DPH, indicating the maturation of the digestive tract. The digestive tract remained agastric and was characterized by a unique pouch-like organ, named the oesogaster, located posterior to the esophagus and anterior to the intestine. Further studies will be conducted to elucidate the function of the oesogaster, which has been found in other species of wrasse. Overall, these data help us better understand the digestive capabilities of H. melanurus throughout development and will guide future feeding and weaning protocols. |
Assessment of Low Salinity Culture Protocols for Hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus)
| Presenter: | Casey Murray she/her |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Brandon Ray | University of Florida Olivia Markham | University of Florida Cortney Ohs | University of Florida Joshua Patterson | University of Florida Angela Collins | University of Florida Matthew DiMaggio | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| Hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus), are a popular sportfish in Florida and some populations have been listed as overfished for 30 years. Aquaculture and stock enhancement are potential tools that can be used to help mitigate the effects of overfishing, however the development of hogfish culture protocols is still in its infancy. During fish culture, osmoregulation can be metabolically expensive and limit somatic growth and production efficiency. Culturing fish in isosmotic environments could reduce bioenergetic requirements, thereby improving growth. We aimed to better understand osmoregulatory capacity in hogfish through four experiments: survival after acute salinity transfer from 32 g/L to 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 g/L, physiological tolerance of acute transfer to 8 g/L, physiological tolerance to gradual transfer to 12 g/L, and an exploration of low salinity culture at 16 g/L and 32 g/L to assess effects on growth and feed conversion. Results of these experiments show that hogfish survived at ≥8 g/L for 96 hours, however, plasma chloride, plasma osmolality, and muscle water content were significantly altered at 8 g/L and mortalities were noted during long-term retention at 8 g/L. Gradual transfer to 12 g/L yielded no significant physiological alterations compared with acute transfer to the same salinity for the physiological parameters measured. Furthermore, growth indices for hogfish in 16 g/L and 32 g/L were similar, though high variability in growth suggest a need for further exploration. This suggests that hogfish should be tolerant of rapid transfer to salinities as low as 12 g/L and that growth may be unaffected by low salinity culture down to 16 g/L salinity. Results from this research will help guide future aquaculture and stock enhancement efforts for hogfish and add to the growing body of literature for this valuable marine species. |
Seasonal Movements of Yellow and Silver American Eels within the Pensacola Bay Complex
| Presenter: | Chelsea Myles-McBurney |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife- FWRI |
| Coauthors: | |
| Kallie Thornhill | Kim Bonvechio | |
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| Abstract: | |
| The American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a facultatively catadromous species that occurs from Greenland to Venezuela and comprises a single panmictic population that exhibits random mating across its range. American Eels have a complex life history and undergo several morphological and physiological stages. For the majority of their lives, American Eels remain in their yellow stage as sexually immature adults until they mature into silver eels during their downstream migration to spawn. Life history information on all life stages and habitat requirements of American Eels is limited, particularly for South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations. American Eels face a broad range of threats including dam construction, degradation and pollution of habitats, introduction of invasive parasites contaminants, and oceanic changes that have resulted in dramatic declines over much of their range. In the 2017 American Eel Stock Assessment, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission cited a need for tagging studies of eels at different life stages to address habitat use, movement, migration, and behavior. Furthermore, little information exists on seasonal movements and out-migration information of yellow and silver eels in Gulf Coast rivers. Therefore, this project will provide important information on movement patterns for American Eel populations within the Pensacola Bay complex by 1) examining movement patterns of yellow American Eels within the Escambia and Yellow Rivers; 2) examining if seasonal upstream and downstream movements are associated with environmental cues (i.e., stream flow, water temp, lunar phase); and 3) determining timing of outward migration of mature (silver) eels within the Pensacola Bay complex. |
Fish Attractor Design: Results from two Central Florida lakes
| Presenter: | Daniel Nelson |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Brandon Thompson | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Scott Bisping | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
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| Abstract: | |
| Fish attractors are a common tool used by fishery managers to concentrate sportfish and increase angler catch rates. The design of fish attractor sites can influence the effectiveness of attaining these objectives. Fish attractor density, material, and site size are all aspects of design that will influence the fish species concentrated, fish concentration density, and angler catch rates. The objectives of these studies were to determine how fish attractor material, density and site size affected Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides catch rates at different fish attractor designs. Eighteen fish attractor sites were installed at Lake Griffin, Florida to compare natural brush and plastic materials and variable densities of attractor units. Treatments included natural brush attractors with densities of 50 and 100 units and plastic attractors with 100 units per 0.1 ha. Additionally, 10 attractor sites were installed at Lake Dora, Florida to compare the effect of site size on angler catch rates. Treatments included sites with 50 units per 0.05 ha and 100 units per 0.1 ha to maintain equal densities. Catch rates were consistently higher at high density natural brush treatments than catch rates of low-density treatments. Catch rate comparisons between material type revealed that natural brush and plastic were comparable through five years, whereafter the brush catch rates began to decline. Finally, catch rates between attractor site size were similar between both treatments. Results aid in future fish attractor design to maximize the benefit for fishery managers and anglers. |
Embryonic Development and Larval Rearing of Pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera) and Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
| Presenter: | Jose Ordonez * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Abstract: | |
| Pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera, and Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, are marine baitfish species commonly used by recreational anglers in the southeastern United States. Previous aquaculture research conducted on these baitfish species demonstrated their potential for commercial production. Aquaculture of marine baitfish will provide anglers with a consistent supply of bait of desired sizes regardless of the season and reduce collection pressure on wild populations. The objectives of this study were to describe the embryonic development of O. chrysoptera and L. rhomboides by providing a detailed analysis of developmental processes based on morphological, histological, and behavioral descriptions from each stage of development, and conduct larval culture experiments to improve larval survival and growth. Captive pigfish and pinfish broodstock were induced to spawn with a single injection (0.5 mL kg-1) of the GnRH product Ovaprim. To describe the embryonic development of pigfish and pinfish, embryos were collected from hormone induced spawns to be photographed and measured in a sampling frequency of 10 min to 6 hr depending on the speed of the structural changes that occur from activation to first feeding. To define critical factors and conditions during larval culture of pigfish and pinfish, larval experiments from 3 to 10 days post hatch (DPH) were conducted to define the best photoperiod, algal species and density, enrichment products, feeding regime, prey type and densities. Currently, embryonic development and larval culture experiments are being conducted and results will be presented at the meeting. |
Rethinking Sustainable Harvest for Ecosystem Engineers
| Presenter: | Chad Palmer * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Abstract: | |
| Ecosystem engineers are foundational to biodiversity in many of the environments that they inhabit, and the benefits they provide through their impact on the environment in situ, including improvements to biodiversity and ecosystem function, are likely to outweigh the economic benefits of their harvest at any level. Because they create variation in the abiotic environment, ecosystem engineers lead to a more heterogeneous abiotic environment, which leads to greater diversity than landscapes that are more homogeneous. Because the ecosystem modifications made by engineers may also improve their own survival, ecosystem engineers may violate the assumptions of maximum sustainable yield (MSY), a relatively stable natural mortality rate and habitat availability over time, meaning that it is possible ecosystem engineers such as oysters are being overharvested. Ecosystem engineers may also require a threshold of engineering behavior for optimal survival meaning that they can be difficult and costly to restore. All of these considerations indicate that we should exercise caution when harvesting ecosystem engineers. |
ICK: Invasive and Cichlid Kids Fishing Tournament
| Presenter: | Promise Peralta * |
| Institution: | The University of Tampa |
| Coauthors: | |
| Bridgette Froeshke | | |
| Abstract: | |
| The proposed project aims to host the second annual Invasive and Cichlid Kid Fishing Tournament (ICK) in the Tampa Bay Watershed, addressing critical concerns related to invasive species. The tournament, scheduled for Sunday, October 27, 2024, along the Hillsborough River and organized by The University of Tampa’s Environmental Studies Department, will be promoted through various channels, including social media, newspapers, school outreach, and a dedicated event website.
ICK’s overarching goal was to engage 50 children under 16 in activities that included rod and reel fishing, minnow traps, pinfish traps, cast netting, educational games, and information sessions on native and non-native fish species. This event fostered environmental awareness and responsibility in young community members while emphasizing fun, education, and conservation. It sought to educate participants about local aquatic ecosystems, instilling an understanding of the delicate balance within fisheries, and how invasive species can disrupt it. This educational component was essential in equipping the next generation with the knowledge to protect and preserve their environment. In addition, the tournament structure involved dividing participants into groups led by faculty or fishing club members, with supplies funded by the Tampa Bay Estuary Program Bay Mini Grant. The event culminated in a final weigh-in at The University of Tampa, where teams received prizes for categories such as the highest diversity of invasive fishes, the highest quantity of invasive fish, and the largest invasive fish. By educating children about the impact of invasive species on fisheries, this project not only contributed to eradicating these intruders but also emphasized the importance of educating the next generation in becoming stewards of the environment and safeguarding the future of Tampa Bay’s aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the project aligned with the goals of the Bay Mini-Grant funds, emphasizing community involvement in controlling invasive species and promoting public education about key issues affecting the region. |
Preliminary Census of Non-U.S. Billfish and Swordfish Recreational Tournaments
| Presenter: | Kevin Rafferty He/Him * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Mackenzie Sologon | Nova Southeastern University David Kerstetter | Nova Southeastern University |
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| Abstract: | |
| Swordfish and the istiophorid billfishes are large pelagic predators with circumglobal distributions. In the Atlantic Ocean, these economically valuable fishes are considered highly migratory species (HMS) and managed domestically by NOAA Fisheries and internationally by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). Internationally, swordfish has long supported primarily commercial fisheries but is increasingly targeted by recreational fisheries; although occasionally landed as incidental catch, istiophorid billfish fisheries are primarily recreational. In the U.S. Atlantic, NOAA Fisheries tightly regulates HMS fisheries, including mandatory recreational tournament registration and monitoring. Commercial landings are commonly reported to ICCAT, but non-U.S. data on recreational billfish and swordfish landings are scarce, with some ICCAT members claiming to not have recreational fisheries. As a first step to address this data gap, we conducted an online census of all the active and inactive billfish and swordfish recreational tournaments throughout the Atlantic Ocean ICCAT Convention Area (124 countries and territories). The Caribbean region previously dominated in numbers of tournaments targeting billfishes and swordfish, but a recent shift can be seen in a decline in tournaments located in the Caribbean region and an increase in the North/Central American region. These findings could indicate a shift in local billfish and swordfish abundance or economic reasons (including COVID restrictions). Additionally, tournaments for billfishes appear to be moving to mostly all-release formats, supporting conservation efforts for overfished blue and white marlins. Future analyses will examine publicized landings at non-U.S. tournaments and temporal comparisons with U.S. tournaments from NOAA mandatory reporting data. |
A preliminary assessment of Hurricane Ian’s impact on fish communities in two tidal rivers of the Charlotte Harbor Estuary
| Presenter: | Sara Rios she/her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Kelly Chase | UF, FWC David Blewett | FWC Eric Weather | FWC |
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| Abstract: | |
| On September 28, 2022, Hurricane Ian passed directly over the Charlotte Harbor estuary, Florida. Heavy rainfall produced flooding in two rivers (Peace and Myakka) in the northern portion of the estuary, causing a rapid decline in salinity downstream. Such events can dramatically affect biotic communities; gauging these effects can increase our understanding of coastal ecosystem response to hurricane disturbance. We used fisheries independent monitoring data (21 m seine; August-December 2022) to investigate the impact of altered environmental conditions on fish communities in the tidal Peace and Myakka rivers following Hurricane Ian. Multivariate analysis revealed a shift in both rivers from typical estuarine to freshwater assemblages in October—the month following the storm—then a return to pre-storm communities by November. To gain insight on the magnitude of the shifts highlighted in short-term analyses, October 2022 fish communities (i.e., hurricane impacted) were compared to historic community structure (Octobers 1998-2021) in the rivers. Impacted fish communities in the Myakka River differed significantly from historic communities (p=0.0024), while differences in respective Peace River communities were not significant (p=0.0753). Historically, Myakka assemblages were characterized by estuarine species (e.g., mojarras Eucinostomus spp., Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli), while those following the hurricane were dominated by freshwater native and exotic species (e.g., sunfishes Lepomis spp., Mayan Cichlid Mayaheros urophthalmus). Preliminary results suggest the large watershed and higher flow rates of the Peace River may generate more frequent shifts in fish community structure than the Myakka River, which has a smaller watershed. Such findings highlight a need to evaluate how large storm events impact fish communities in smaller tributaries, such as tidal creeks, which have been identified as critical nursery habitat. |
Community Composition of Central Florida Lakes
| Presenter: | Sierra Robertson she/her * |
| Institution: | Florida Southern College |
| Abstract: | |
| Florida is a hotspot for invasive and nonnative species, including fish. These species negatively impact the surrounding habitat and can pose major economic issues when threatening native fisheries. Typically, invasive and nonnative species are generalists and less susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances than native species. Community composition studies review and analyze the members of a specific community and compare that data with other communities. These studies are imperative for invasive species management. This study analyzed the community compositions of six freshwater lakes in Central Florida and compared them based on the lakes’ level of urbanization. Three urban and three rural lakes in the Lakeland area were analyzed in this study. Lakes were classified as “urban” if the lakes were surrounded by residential development, electrical power plants, and major vehicle transport routes. Lakes classified as “rural” had minimal adjacent residential development, were associated with nature preserves, and were not associated with major transportation routes. Sampling was conducted via seine once a month from September through February. Fish were identified to the species, measured, and weighed before being released back into their original habitat except invasive fishes. Statistical analysis was conducted with diversity indexes and nested ANOVAs to evaluate any statistical significance in fish communities between the two lake types. Based on preliminary data, we have identified over 2600 fishes in total with 80 being classified as nonnative. These nonnative species have included two individuals of the Pterygoplichthys species and 78 individuals of the Oreochromis species. Oreochromis species and one Ptyerygoplitchthys were found at the rural Banana Lake while an additional Ptyerygoplitchthys was found at the urban Lake Hunter. While it was hypothesized that urban lakes would have more nonnative fish, there appear to be other factors that drive the presence of nonnative fishes in the lakes sampled. With the gear type used, this study was limited to shallow waters near shore. In these areas, native fish were far more abundant than nonnative fish, which might be a sign of good health for |
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Acceptance of Aquatic Herbicides in Florida
| Presenter: | Phillip Rodgers He/him |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Chelsey Crandall | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Kotryna Klizentyte | University of Florida |
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| Abstract: | |
| Invasive plant species threaten global biodiversity and can degrade native fish and wildlife habitats. Acceptance of invasive species management practices plays a pivotal role in the long-term success of invasive plant species control. In Florida, the use of chemical herbicides to manage invasive aquatic plants has received both criticism and support from various stakeholders. We used an online panel survey, representative of the population of Florida, to investigate public awareness of methods used by managers to control or eradicate invasive species, Floridians’ basic knowledge of aquatic herbicides, their perceptions of outcomes from aquatic herbicide use, and public acceptance of herbicides as a management tool. Overall, the majority of respondents were at least slightly accepting of herbicides as a management tool. Results indicate that Floridians who feel more informed about tools used to manage invasive species are more accepting of herbicides as a management tool. Similarly, those who had more knowledge about aquatic herbicides were generally more accepting of herbicides as a management tool. However, not all those with higher knowledge scores were as accepting of herbicides. The relationship between acceptance of herbicides as a management tool and perceived outcomes from aquatic herbicide use was not clear, as many Floridians perceive both positive and negative outcomes from aquatic herbicide use. Further research to study the drivers of stakeholders’ attitudes about herbicides and the effects of knowledge and perceived outcomes on stakeholder acceptance of aquatic herbicide use could shed light on the complexities of this important component of invasive species control. |
Tracking the emigration of juvenile sport fish from a habitat restoration site to fished populations of Tampa Bay
| Presenter: | Matthew Sandburg He / Him |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Meagan Schrandt | FWC Jon Peake | FWC |
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| Abstract: | |
| Healthy and sustainable fisheries rely on healthy habitats, but habitat degradation is one of the largest obstacles impacting sustainable fisheries. Coastal wetlands worldwide have been threatened by sea level rise, urbanization, and agriculture; however, habitat restoration projects show some promise for enhancing fisheries habitat. Previously, fish habitats have rarely been a priority in the design of habitat restoration projects and recent projects can lack post-restoration monitoring to document fisheries enhancement. Specifically, the contribution of juvenile sport fish to the fished population is a major information gap for many restoration projects. Here, we address the functionality of restored fallow farmland in Robinson Preserve (Manatee County, FL) as nursery habitat for important sport fish species, such as Common Snook, Atlantic Tarpon, and Red Drum. Using acoustic telemetry, we track juvenile fish movement patterns within the preserve to understand fish use of various restoration design features. When fish leave the preserve, we can estimate the contribution of juvenile fish from the restored nursery habitat to fished populations outside the preserve. Since 2022, we have tagged 63 fish: 31 Common Snook, 12 Atlantic Tarpon, seven Red Drum, seven Black Drum, five Sheepshead, and one Goliath Grouper. Acoustic receivers located within the preserve and outside presumed exit points have heard from all tagged fish in some capacity. Preliminary analyses show that there are fish that remain in the preserve, others which have left the preserve and returned, while some were last heard from outside the preserve. We will continue to monitor fish movements within and around the preserve for two more years. The information obtained from this study will provide insight into how juvenile sport fish use different habitats within the preserve and determine which corridors are most effective for emigration, which will be useful for future restoration design and construction. |
Parasite surveys of Hypanus sabinus and H. say hosts in the Indian River Lagoon Estuary
| Presenter: | Sarah Sargent * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| David Kerstetter | Nova Southeastern University Christopher Blanar | Nova Southeastern University Jessica Schieber | Nova Southeastern University |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Parasite surveys of Hypanus sabinus and H. say hosts in the Indian River Lagoon Estuary Sarah Sargent1, Jessica J. Schieber2, David W. Kerstetter1, Christopher A. Blanar1 1 Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N. Ocean Dr., Dania Beach, FL 33004 Parasites’ specific host-parasite associations coupled with their complex life cycles and transmission modes make them integral components in shaping community structure. Despite the wide abundance, accessibility, and distribution of sympatric stingrays Hypanus sabinus and H. say in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary, their parasite-host interactions remain undescribed. Beginning in July 2023, the FWC Fisheries Independent Monitoring (FIM) program and Nova Southeastern University have taken monthly specimen collections from differing IRL regions during FIM surveys. Preliminary species examinations have focused primarily on the spiral valve (intestine), gills, and stomach of stingrays using standardized parasitological necropsy procedures. Parasites to date include species primarily from the class Cestoda and also include Digeneans, Monogeneans, and Copepods. Descriptions of parasite communities and their life cycles will provide unique insights into the community ecology of the IRL system. |
Comparing Hypoxia Tolerance of Native and Invasive Freshwater Fishes in Climate Change Scenarios
| Presenter: | Benjamin Share He/him * |
| Institution: | Nova Southeastern University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Aaron M. Haseini | James Cook University J. Matthew Hoch | Nova Southeastern University David W. Kerstetter | Nova Southeastern University |
|
| Abstract: | |
| As climate change brings rising water temperatures to freshwater bodies, it has become increasingly important to understand how this will affect ecosystems with established invasive species. Fishes of the family Cichlidae are the most successful invasive fishes in the southern Florida Everglades and have the potential to spread further north with warming water temperatures. Invasive water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes is also prevalent in Florida’s freshwater bodies and contributes to hypoxic conditions, which may affect species differently based on habitat. Determining Cichlid tolerance to hypoxia at high temperatures could allow predictions of fish survivability and diversity using seasonal dissolved oxygen data. Native Centrarchid fishes of the genus Lepomis are morphologically, physiologically, and ecologically similar to Cichlids and can serve as a direct comparison for hypoxia tolerance. Using intermittent-flow respirometry techniques, the maximum metabolic rate, standard metabolic rate, and critical oxygen point were determined for invasive Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus and native Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus at different seasonal temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels based on climate change predictions. To apply these findings to field conditions, dissolved oxygen measurements were also made at three depths beneath E. crassipes mats in Lake Okeechobee from April to September. Based on preliminary results, O. aureus have a lower critical oxygen point and higher metabolic function, making them likely to utilize habitats physiologically unavailable to L. macrochirus. Dissolved oxygen beneath E. crassipes mats was found to vary weakly with depth but more significantly by month. Results may help provide new physiological methodology for assessing invasibility risk of exotic fishes. |
Investigating dietary preferences of marine ornamental fish larvae using fluorescence microscopy
| Presenter: | Jonathan Simon * |
| Institution: | University of Florida IRREC |
| Coauthors: | |
| Cortney Ohs | University of Florida IRREC | |
| Abstract: | |
| The marine ornamental aquarium trade, valued at over US$300 million annually, faces challenges due to limited breeding protocols for many species, resulting in substantial reliance on wild capture to meet demand. While significant strides in captive breeding have been made, achieving economic-scale aquaculture remains elusive for the majority of species. A crucial step in larval culture is the first feeding, when the larvae must consume the right prey species in sufficient quantity to survive. Understanding optimal diets for each species can therefore enhance early larval survival. This research aims to identify prey preferences of marine ornamental fishes during early development stages when fed multiple prey types. Three prey items: Rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis), copepod nauplii (Parvocalanus crassirostris), and ciliated protozoa (Euplotes sp.), will be labeled with fluorescent polystyrene microspheres and wheat-germ-agglutinin. Fish larvae of various species will be examined for signals of consumed prey types in their gastrointestinal tract using fluorescence microscopy. The findings aim to advance the understanding of larval feeding behavior and optimize first feeding protocols, thereby advancing aquaculture practices for the marine ornamental fish aquaculture. |
Fish and Decapod Crustacean Assemblages in Tidal Creeks Draining into Santa Rosa Sound
| Presenter: | Geoffrey Smith he/him |
| Institution: | Northwest Florida State College |
| Coauthors: | |
| Amanda Croteau | University of West Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| Tidal tributaries, including small tidal creeks and tidal ponds, serve as critical habitat to numerous marine fish and invertebrate species. This includes many important forage species and the juveniles of many commercially and recreationally important species such as Red Drum, Spotted Seatrout, Gulf Flounder, Blue Crab, and penaeid shrimps. There is a general lack of either short term or long term assessment and monitoring of juvenile fish and decapod crustacean species in the Pensacola Bay system including Santa Rosa Sound. This study is filling some of these gaps by sampling small tidal creeks that drain into Santa Rosa Sound. These creeks should provide important habitat to both forage species and juvenile sportfish, but they have not been thoroughly sampled. Sampling is being conducted monthly from January through June, 2024 using small bag seines and cast nets. During each sampling event, the captured fish and decapod crustaceans were identified to the lowest taxonomic level in the field prior to their release. Juvenile sportfish, penaeid shrimp, and blue crab were measured (TL for fish and shrimp and carapace wide for crabs) prior to their release. The data from this study will be important in identifying whether these tidal creeks are serving as nursery areas and whether they may possibly be in need of restoration or greater protection from development. This data will also serve as a baseline of comparison for any future monitoring efforts in tidal creeks within the region. |
Fish and Decapod Crustacean Assemblages in Tidal Creeks draining to Santa Rosa Sound
| Presenter: | Geoffrey Smith he/him |
| Institution: | Northwest Florida State College |
| Abstract: | |
| Tidal tributaries, including small tidal creeks and tidal ponds, serve as critical habitat to numerous marine fish and invertebrate species. This includes many important forage species and the juveniles of many commercially and recreationally important species such as Red Drum, Spotted Seatrout, Gulf Flounder, Blue Crab, and penaeid shrimps. There is a general lack of either short term or long term assessment and monitoring of juvenile fish and decapod crustacean species in the Pensacola Bay system including Santa Rosa Sound. This study is filling some of these gaps by sampling small tidal creeks that drain into Santa Rosa Sound. These creeks should provide important habitat to both forage species and juvenile sportfish, but they have not been thoroughly sampled. Sampling is being conducted monthly from January through June, 2024 using small bag seines and cast nets. During each sampling event, the captured fish and decapod crustaceans were identified to the lowest taxonomic level in the field prior to their release. Juvenile sportfish, penaeid shrimp, and blue crab were measured (TL for fish and shrimp and carapace wide for crabs) prior to their release. The data from this study will be important in identifying whether these tidal creeks are serving as nursery areas and whether they may possibly be in need of restoration or greater protection from development. This data will also serve as a baseline of comparison for any future monitoring efforts in tidal creeks within the region. |
Using Radio Telemetry to Identify Seasonal Habitat for Striped Bass in Lake Talquin and the Lower Ochlockonee River
| Presenter: | Stephen Stang |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andy Strickland | FWC Ryan Henry | FWC Chris Paxton | FWC Jacob Cunningham | FWC Sam Burke | FWC |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Lake Talquin and the tailrace located below the Jackson Bluff Dam provide a popular Striped Bass Morone saxatilis fishery in the Florida Panhandle. The system also serves as an important broodfish repository for hatchery programs participating in Striped Bass restoration efforts throughout their Gulf range. In recent years, larger Striped Bass required for spawning purposes have become increasingly rare. This system currently offers marginal summertime habitat for adult Striped Bass, and high levels of natural mortality during the summer months is likely contributing to the reduction of larger size classes. High densities of aquatic plants in several tributary creeks around Lake Talquin were shredded in 2022 in efforts to improve flows and provide thermal refuge for Striped Bass. This study sought to identify thermal refuge areas located in Lake Talquin and the lower Ochlockonee River utilized by Striped Bass, evaluate the impact that shredding projects have had on providing thermal refuge in Lake Talquin, and identify critically important thermal refuge areas in need of aquatic habitat restoration efforts. Forty-three Striped Bass were implanted with radio tags and released into Lake Talquin from February 2023 to March 2023. Fish were actively tracked in Lake Talquin weekly from May 2023 to October 2023 and the lower Ochlockonee River in July 2023. Survival 30 days post-tagging was 93% and 40 of the 43 fish radio-tagged Striped Bass were detected via active and/or passive radio receivers. Dam escapement was evident, and 35% of the tagged sample size emigrated through the Jackson Bluff Dam. Several thermal refuge areas were identified via active tracking in Lake Talquin and the lower Ochlocknee River, and one fish was found in a location that was part of the 2022 shredding project. Plans for habitat restoration projects in several of the thermal refuges identified via telemetry are underway. |
: Characterizing juvenile Common Snook and Tarpon nurseries to inform habitat conservation and restoration
| Presenter: | Philip Stevens |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
| Coauthors: | |
| Courtney Saari | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission David Blewett | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Eric Weather | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Corey Anderson | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Throughout much of Florida, coastal wetlands include tidal creeks, many of which have headwaters comprised of coastal ponds, that are the primary habitat used by juvenile Common Snook and Tarpon, two iconic sportfishes. Research has shown that successful emigration of these species from nursery habitat to the open estuary hinges on hydroecologic connections in the landscape. As fisheries management evolves to include habitat and ecosystem function, we are seeking partnerships with managers that govern at finer spatial scales to conserve or restore these connections. In southwest Florida, county government is part of a collaboration to characterize the locations and physical attributes of fish nursery habitats (e.g., elevations, frequencies of tidal inundation, landscape resistance). One of the goals is to integrate sportfish habitat into county GIS used in land-use planning and stormwater engineering to influence local decision-making. Workshops supported by NOAA RESTORE Science Program were held to plan actionable science using a facilitated co-production process that aimed to bridge gaps between science and policy. The findings were incorporated into a research plan that will be implemented over the next five years. The development of highly site-specific information will allow targeted actions that encourage sustainability of coastal wetlands and supporting fisheries. |
Quantifying Invasion Dynamics: A StoryMap Analysis of Invasive Species in the Everglades
| Presenter: | Sterling Stewart * |
| Institution: | The University of Tampa |
| Coauthors: | |
| Bridgette Froeschke | The University of Tampa | |
| Abstract: | |
| The Florida Everglades and Big Cypress National Preserve represent critical ecosystems supporting diverse biota and ecosystem functions vital for ecological stability. Despite their ecological significance, these habitats face escalating threats from invasive species, compromising native biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. This study employed a rigorous scientific approach, integrating StoryMaps technology to investigate the dynamics of invasive species within the Everglades. Over a nine-month period, comprehensive field surveys were conducted at seven designated sites, encompassing systematic sampling, morphometric measurements, and tagging of native and invasive fish species. Concurrently, detailed assessments of habitat attributes were conducted to discern habitat preferences of these species. Leveraging Geographical Information Systems (GIS), spatial analyses were conducted to delineate the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of invasive fish populations, providing critical insights into invasion trajectories. Furthermore, the study elucidated the prevalence and distribution patterns of invasive tree species within the study area, augmenting our understanding of multi-trophic interactions within invaded ecosystems. By elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of invasion processes and their ecological ramifications, this research contributes empirical evidence to inform evidence-based management strategies aimed at mitigating the impacts of invasive species on native ecosystems in the Everglades. |
Evaluating the Habitat Suitability Index for Bluenose Shiner Populations in Panhandle Florida Rivers
| Presenter: | Kallie Thornhill |
| Institution: | Florida Fish & Wildlife- FWRI |
| Coauthors: | |
| Chelsea Myles-McBurney | | |
| Abstract: | |
| The Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) is a small member of the minnow family (Cyprinidae) that is found from Florida to Louisiana, extending northward into Georgia. In Florida, Bluenose Shiners have a disjunct distribution with populations in the St. Johns River drainage of peninsular Florida and Gulf coast drainage rivers in the western panhandle. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has designated it as a Threatened species due to the disjunct populations and sporadic distribution throughout its range. Water quality decline due to nutrient pollution, heightened turbidity, and water withdrawals are all possible threats that could lead to habitat loss and population decline. While a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) has been developed for Bluenose Shiners via expert opinion, this HSI has not been empirically validated. This is further exacerbated by the fact that there is some conflicting evidence regarding their preferred habitats. Therefore, this project will provide important information on Bluenose Shiner distribution data and the microhabitats they are associated with, resulting in the development of a HSI in select river sections. This will be completed by 1) Developing range-wide water velocity, water depth, and cover/substrate HSIs; 2) Identifying new locations and update extent of occurrence for Bluenose Shiners; and 3) Delineating upland and wetland areas bordering areas of Bluenose Shiner occurrence, informing areas to be conserved through habitat enhancement and restoration. |
Effects of Pharmaceutical Exposure on Wild Fish Health: A Survey of Red Drum Across Florida Estuaries
| Presenter: | Shakira Trabelsi She/Her * |
| Institution: | Florida International University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Christopher Malinowski | Ocean First Institute Nicholas Castillo | Florida International University Justin Perrault | Loggerhead Marine Life Center Andy Distrubell | Florida International University Nicole Stacy | University of Florida Ryan James | Florida International University Rolando Santos | Florida International University Carolyn Cray | University of Miami Jennifer Rehage | Florida International University |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Fish health is key to maintaining fisheries and the ecosystem services they provide, yet it is not typically accounted for in fisheries management. Blood analyses can reflect fish condition by showing evidence of toxicity, physiological stress, and tissue damage. Pharmaceutically active compounds and their metabolites have been recognized as an important class of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments because they have been found at concentrations that may have the potential to elicit adverse effects in fish. In Florida, there is increased evidence of the presence and risk of pharmaceuticals in coastal areas. Because of the potential of adverse sublethal effects, we hypothesized that pharmaceutical exposure would lead to deteriorated health in exposed wild fish. Red Drum are an excellent indicator species for pharmaceutical toxicity due to its presence along the entire Florida coast and various behaviors subjecting them to localized environmental conditions, including benthic foraging in sediment, low mobility, and high site fidelity. In this study, nine different estuaries located along Florida’s coasts were sampled for Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), an economically important sport fish. The blood of 101 different fish were assessed through hematological and biochemical analyses as well as for 94 common pharmaceuticals (e.g., antibiotics, psychoactive, and cardiovascular medication). We focus on establishing blood analyte reference intervals, evaluating hematological and biochemical health analytes, and understanding the risk of pharmaceuticals to wild fish. Our results showed correlations between pharmaceutical exposure and certain blood biomarkers. |
Plasticity in fish life history traits: latitudinal differences in Common Snook
| Presenter: | Alexis Trotter |
| Institution: | FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Brian Klimek | FWC/FWRI Kyle Williams | FWC/FWRI Philip Stevens | FWC/FWRI Caleb Purtlebaugh | FWC/FWRI Micheal Allen | University of Florida |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Since 2010, the population of Common Snook, Centropomus undecimalis, has increased exponentially in the Nature Coast region of FL. In recent years, a collaborative network of partners from FWC/FWRI Marine Finfish Biology and Fisheries Independent Monitoring and the University of Florida Nature Coast Biological Station have focused research on the age, growth, reproduction, genetics, movement patterns, and overwintering habitat requirements of this popular sportfish. Substantial differences in many of these life history parameters have been found between Snook in the Cedar Keys area and those in the historic range farther south. For instance, Snook in the range-expanding population grew faster and were both longer and heavier at age than Snook in more southern estuaries. They spawned over a shorter spawning season and exhibited highly-skewed M:F sex ratios. Many of these differences can be predicted by the counter-gradient hypothesis, however we will also explore these variations in life history characterizations with respect to local adaptations. As FWC continues moving towards regional management for many inshore species, it will become increasingly important to include comparisons of life history characteristics across latitudinal gradients when assessing population status. |
Between a dry marsh and a salty place: estuarine habitat suitability for a freshwater fish (Florida largemouth bass) and implications for ecosystem restoration and climate change
| Presenter: | Natasha Viadero she/her |
| Institution: | Bonefish & Tarpon Trust |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jordan Massie | University of Vermont Cody Eggenberger | Florida International University W. Ryan James | Florida International University Ross Boucek | Bonefish & Tarpon Trust Ryan Rezek | Coastal Carolina University Rolando Santos | Florida International University Jennifer Rehage | Florida International University |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Numerous species face redistribution and compression of habitat due to climate change. Compounded with anthropogenic stressors, coastal systems are among those experiencing the largest shifts in distribution and degradation of habitats. We coupled long-term movement and environmental data to assess how a freshwater species responds to changes in a coastal refuge habitat to quantify distributional changes, identify key environmental variables, and provide restoration targets. Salinity, variation in salinity, and stage of surrounding marsh habitat were the most important variables driving Florida Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) occurrence in the estuary. Salinity below 8.7 ppt had the largest positive effect on Bass occurrence, while low levels of daily variation in salinity (<1.3 SD) and marsh stages between 11.4 – 27.7 cm were associated with an increased probability of Bass occurrence. Years with above average freshwater inputs that shifted mesohaline boundaries downstream generated 15.3 km2 of both core and conditional habitat for Bass, average conditions generated 4.4 km2 of core and conditional habitat, whereas dry conditions compressed Bass habitat to 1.7 km2. These results suggest that varying environmental scenarios can shift the amount of suitable habitat available for freshwater species using conditional coastal habitats. Our study provides salinity and marsh depth thresholds that offer actionable management targets to maximize the presence of Bass in coastal rivers, with population and fishing quality benefits. Climate change will likely result in large-scale reductions of critical dry season habitat for these species, while restoration efforts and adaptive management can bolster the resiliency of these habitats. Explicit targets are indispensable for successful restoration initiatives. |
Interannual spawning site fidelity of acoustically tagged Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili) in a Florida MPA
| Presenter: | Kara Wall She/Her |
| Institution: | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Joel Bickford | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Sarah Walters Burnsed | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Hayden Menedez | Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Sue Lowerre-Barbieri | University of Florida FFGS |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Greater Amberjack (GAJ) are a large, fast growing, pelagic fish commonly targeted by commercial and recreational anglers throughout the waters of the Gulf, Atlantic, and Caribbean. They are a highly sought after sportfish, and an important food fish in the State of Florida. Despite management efforts, the stock has been deemed overfished for the past 20 years. While traditional stock metrics are known (i.e., spawning seasonality, age at maturity, and age structures of the stocks), little is known about GAJ movement ecology and spawning site selection or how this might impact their vulnerability to fishing or other spatial stressors. Spawning individuals were observed during spring sampling in the Madison Swanson MPA, identifying the area as a potentially important spawning site for GAJ in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico. In efforts to understand both annual and interannual spawning site fidelity, an acoustic array of receivers was deployed along the MPA’s deepwater ridge (60-120m), and in April 2018 GAJ were captured on hook and line, biopsied for sex and reproductive state, and acoustically tagged (n=20). Fish were tracked through June 2020, to encompass two full spawning seasons (March through May). Most fish left the MPA after each spawning season, with subset returning to spawning grounds in subsequent years. The annual return of fish to the MPA during spawning season suggests that the area acts as a spawning refuge for at least some portion of the stock. Species that form spawning groups which are predictable through space and time are often easily exploited, as anglers are able to reliably land large numbers of individuals in a short time frame. Because fishing is prohibited inside the MPA, the spawning population at Madison Swanson is likely buffered from the fishing pressure often seen in other known spawning locations. This study shows that Greater Amberjack can make long distance migrations and return to annual spawning locations, demonstrating the need to protect critical spawning habitat for this struggling stock. |
Fisheries of the Northern Estuaries Monitoring (FNEMO)
| Presenter: | Sarah Webb |
| Institution: | South Florida Water Management District |
| Coauthors: | |
| Juliane Caughron | SFWMD Mark Barton | SFWMD |
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| Abstract: | |
| The St. Lucie Estuary (SLE) is a diverse and productive portion of the larger Indian River Lagoon (IRL) in southeast Florida. Runoff and excessive freshwater discharges into the estuary have negatively affected this essential ecosystem. Efforts are underway to restore these estuarine systems as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. We identify how recreational fish species respond to changes in environmental variables that occur between seasons and across years, and whether disturbances (e.g., storm events) cause abrupt shifts in habitat use as well as identify high use areas or hotspots. Since September 2022, acoustic transmitter tags have been deployed in common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) (n=75) and sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) (n=75), in the SLE where established acoustic arrays are located. Snook have been detected outside of the system around the time of storm events (e.g., Hurricane Nicole), while sheepshead have remained within the system. |
Evaluating Movement and Distribution Patterns of the Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish in a Recovering Nursery
| Presenter: | Sarah Webb * |
| Institution: | Florida Atlantic University – Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute |
| Coauthors: | |
| Andrew Wooley | FWC Lukas Heath | FWC Dylan Yakich | FWC Michael McCallister | FAU – HBOI Matthew Ajemian | FAU – HBOI Gregg Poulakis | FAU – HBOI |
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| Abstract: | |
| The smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) is a Critically Endangered species that has been protected in Florida waters since 1992 and federally listed since 2003. Until recently, this species was rarely seen on the east coast of Florida. An increase in reports to the U.S. Sawfish Recovery Hotline and the successful tagging (n=9) of small juveniles has prompted special attention to this area as a reemerging nursery. Research on Florida’s west coast has provided substantial information about the biology and ecology of this species, including the importance of perennial high-use areas within nurseries. We aim to identify how this estuary may benefit this reemerging population and identify key habitats that may need special conservation attention (e.g., high-use areas). The unique opportunity to study recovery of this iconic species in a degraded estuary will improve our understanding of how resilient this species is and what recovery may look like in the future. |
Reproductive Potential of Gray Snapper in Spawning Aggregations off the West Coast of Florida
| Presenter: | Ashley Wechsler * |
| Institution: | University of Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Debra Murie | University of Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| Gray Snapper Lutjanus griseus are a highly valued recreational species with the greatest harvest occurring along Florida’s west coast. Prior to the most recent stock assessment in 2022, the Gulf of Mexico stock had been undergoing overfishing since the 1970’s. Knowledge of the age- and size-specific reproductive biology is necessary for stock assessments and capturing reproductive output, however, little is known about their reproduction in the Gulf. From April 2022 to December 2023, we collected 1,813 female and 2,750 male Gray Snapper 60-100 miles off the west coast of Florida; we also obtained smaller fish from Tampa Bay and Port Charlotte from the Florida Fish and Wildlife fisheries-independent monitoring program. Ovarian histology indicated that females were asynchronous, indeterminate batch spawners, with individual fish spawning at different times within the spawning season, continuously recruiting new oocytes during the spawning season, and developing and releasing multiple batches of mature oocytes over an annual spawning season. Females were actively-spawning (i.e., in oocyte maturation) from late May to early September. Gonadosomatic index was highest from June to August with peak spawning activity in July. Gonadal and visceral fat of females decreased during June through September, presumably used as a source of energy during the spawning period. Relationships of batch fecundity and sexual maturity on an age- and size-specific basis will be developed. These reproductive parameters will be incorporated into future stock assessments for Gray Snapper in the Gulf of Mexico. |
Consumer-mediated nutrient dynamics of coastal and marine ecosystems under the wake of global change
| Presenter: | Mack White he/him * |
| Institution: | Florida International University |
| Coauthors: | |
| Bradley Strickland | National Park Service Jennifer Rehage | Florida International University Deron Burkepile | University of California Santa Barbara Joey Peters | University of California Santa Barbara Li Kui | University of California Santa Barbara Angel Chen | National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis Nick Lyons | National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis Jake Allgeier | University of Michagan Adrian Stier | University of California Santa Barbara Kyle Emery | University of California Los Angeles Jenn Caselle | University of California Santa Barbara Russel Hopcroft | University of Alaska Fairbanks Dante Capone | University of California San Diego Grace Cawley | University of California San Diego Anya Stajner | University of California San Diego James Nelson | University of Georgia Lauren Enright | University of California Santa Barbara Shalanda Grier | University of California Santa Barbara Max Castorani | University of Virginia Amanda Spivak | University of Georgia Nathan Lemoine | Marquette University |
|
| Abstract: | |
| The changing frequency and intensity of disturbance events resulting from global change is reshaping the population and community dynamics of coastal and marine organisms, with implications for consumer-mediated nutrient dynamics (CND) and potential ripple effects on ecosystem function. Despite the recognized significance of coastal and marine animals in nutrient cycling, the lack of comprehensive long-term studies hampers our predictive capacity regarding responses to disturbances. Here, we highlight the preliminary results and interpretation of our investigation into coastal and marine CND, conducted in the context of global change. Supported by funding from the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Office, our research integrated empirical models of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion with consumer population time series data from LTER sites globally. First, we characterized spatiotemporal patterns in the magnitude and variability of CND. Second, we evaluated the resilience of CND to environmental disturbances like marine heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, and species invasions, and how these dynamics are influenced by management practices such as the establishment of marine protected areas and hydrologic restoration. Stemming from a collaborative research inquiry presented during a cross-site workshop at the 2022 LTER All Scientists’ Meeting, and refined during a more recent in-person synthesis meeting at the National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis, we aim to enhance our holistic understanding of coastal and marine ecosystems with implications for ecosystem-based management. |
Resource partitioning between a range-expanding species, Common Snook, and regional sport fish, Red Drum, and Florida Bass, in a spring-fed river.
| Presenter: | Kyle Williams * |
| Institution: | FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. 100 8th Avenue SE St. Petersburg FL 33701 |
| Coauthors: | |
| Alexis Trotter | FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. 100 8th Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Andrew Carlson | U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 2295 Mowry Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA Philip Stevens | FL Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. 100 8th Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Micheal Allen | University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Nature Coast Biological Station. 552 1st St, Cedar Key, FL 32625 |
|
| Abstract: | |
| Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis (hereafter snook) has been expanding northward along Florida’s Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coast in response to milder winters. In areas north of Tampa Bay, estuarine water temperatures still approach the species’ lower lethal limit (ca. 9 °C) and snook are taking advantage of spring-fed rivers during winter to survive at these higher latitudes. In spring-fed river systems, the expansion of snook could have implications for previously predominant sport fish of similar body size, such as Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus (hereafter redfish), a euryhaline species, and Florida Bass Micropterus floridanus (hereafter bass), a freshwater species. While these species do not appear to directly compete for resources in other habitats where they co-occur, the relatively small spatial area and limited prey availability found in spring systems may increase these interactions. The objectives of this study are to evaluate niche partitioning among snook, redfish, and bass in the Kings Bay/Crystal River system by 1) comparing the spatial and temporal overlap using standardized electrofishing, habitat assessment, and acoustic telemetry, and 2) assessing the dietary overlap during winter months using non-lethal gastric lavage. This poster will concentrate on preliminary results of objective one, using the available data from electrofishing transects and acoustic telemetry. |
Using baited remote underwater video to characterize shark nursery habitat use in low-visibility estuarine systems
| Presenter: | Sarah Worthington she/her * |
| Institution: | University of North Florida |
| Coauthors: | |
| Jim Gelsleichter | University of North Florida | |
| Abstract: | |
| Recently, there has been increasing use of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys for assessing the species composition and relative abundance of shark populations in marine ecosystems. This approach can be useful because it may provide a non-destructive, non-extractive, and cost-effective alternative to traditional fishing-based methods. However, to date, most studies using BRUVs have focused on their use in high-visibility ecosystems, such as tropical reefs. Furthermore, few studies have compared results from BRUV surveys with those obtained using traditional methods to evaluate the efficacy of this approach. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using BRUV surveys to assess shark populations in low-visibility ecosystems. We are addressing this goal by comparing shark presence and abundance surveys conducted using BRUVs and bottom longline fishing in the Tolomato River, a portion of the GTM estuary in northeast Florida that has been shown to serve as a communal nursery habitat for juveniles from multiple coastal shark species including the sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) and the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini). This presentation will showcase preliminary results from the first year of deployments of BRUVs in this estuary. |